Peaceful Execution in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men :: Steinbeck Of Mice and Men Essays

Peaceful Execution in Of Mice and Men   Of Mice and Men is written by John Steinbeck.  The story is nigh these two men, George and Lennie, and they find work at this ranch.  Within a few days, Lennie, a tall bulky man with the brain of a young child, gets in trouble, making his traveling buddy, George, do the unthinkable.  George shoots Lennie to make his death a more joyous one than the one he wouldve received from Curley, the man that wanted to wipe out him the most.  It was right for George to shoot Lennie because Lennie died suddenly, was thinking about the dream, and was shot by a friend.       By having George shoot Lennie, Lennie died suddenly.  Curley would strike shot him in his stomach area to have him die a slow and painful death.  Lennie didnt have to suffer the pain of death and George wouldnt have to stand there and have Lennie ask questions about why he didnt do anything to prevent Curley from shooting him.       When Lennie died, he was thinking about the dream.  This made Lennie happy because he was gonna tend the rabbits.  That means his last thoughts before he died were happy ones of a farm, a little shack and rabbits eating the alfalfa.  If Lennie didnt shoot George and Curley did, George would be thinking about how he killed Curleys wife and that Curley was really mad at him.   That thought wouldnt make Lennie happy and Lennie knew that so he shoot him.       Lennie was shot by a friend who cared about him.  There was no hatred betwixt them making the death non-revengeful.  It was just as if Lennie was hooked up to a machine that kept him alive and George pulled the plug.  He was bound to be shot anyways so it was better that George pulled the plug instead of Curley.  Curley would have shot Lennie in the guts to have Lennie suffer a more painful and slow death.  It shows that George really cared for Lennie.

Assembly :: Essays Papers

AssemblyWhen programming in assembly phrase, we fork out to specify operations in a such(prenominal) greater direct of detail than we would behave to do in a high level verbiage. Furtherto a greater extent, we get relatively little help from the assembler in finding errors. Assemblers can only dampen the syntax of each line, and check that every symbol or label used is defined somewhere. We ar much little constrained by the social system of the assembly language than we are by the structure of a high level language. This lack of constraint makes the job much harder, not easier. It is much easier to spell out an incorrect program in assembly language that in C++ or Pascal. It is much more likely that mistakes, allow not be gear up by the assembler, so that we get runtime errors, which are harder to find, rather than compile time errors which are easier to find. For these reasons, we need to be even more careful when programming in assembly language than we are whe n programming in a high level language. We need to apply all of the skills we have learned in recounting to high level language programming to assembly language programming. Planning our work carefully is equally important, building a design package, by pursuit appropriate style conventions when writing the program, and by providing good documentation with appropriate commenting of the program text. After building the design, it is wise to create verbally a high level language program, to help check out the program logic and to serve as a model for the assembly language program. The high level language program can then be translated little by little into assembly language, perhaps a procedure at a time, and can be used to document the logic of the assembly language program. Clearly, we should use a compiler to translate a high level language program into utensil code if we have a compiler at hand. There are circumstances, however when it is necessary to do the trans lation on our own. It is nevertheless wise to make unnecessary out the high level language program, even if you cannot compile it for the machine in question. It is not necessary or delectable for the programming of embedded microprocessors to be done in assembly language. Indeed, assembly language should be regarded as a last resort, to be used when compilers are not available, or in very special circumstances.Assembly Essays PapersAssemblyWhen programming in assembly language, we have to specify operations in a much greater level of detail than we would have to do in a high level language. Furthermore, we get relatively little help from the assembler in finding errors. Assemblers can only check the syntax of each line, and check that every symbol or label used is defined somewhere. We are much less constrained by the structure of the assembly language than we are by the structure of a high level language. This lack of constraint makes the job much harder, not easier . It is much easier to write an incorrect program in assembly language that in C++ or Pascal. It is much more likely that mistakes, will not be found by the assembler, so that we get runtime errors, which are harder to find, rather than compile time errors which are easier to find. For these reasons, we need to be even more careful when programming in assembly language than we are when programming in a high level language. We need to apply all of the skills we have learned in relation to high level language programming to assembly language programming. Planning our work carefully is equally important, building a design package, by following appropriate style conventions when writing the program, and by providing good documentation with appropriate commenting of the program text. After building the design, it is wise to write a high level language program, to help check out the program logic and to serve as a model for the assembly language program. The high level languag e program can then be translated little by little into assembly language, perhaps a procedure at a time, and can be used to document the logic of the assembly language program. Clearly, we should use a compiler to translate a high level language program into machine code if we have a compiler at hand. There are circumstances, however when it is necessary to do the translation on our own. It is nevertheless wise to write out the high level language program, even if you cannot compile it for the machine in question. It is not necessary or desirable for the programming of embedded microprocessors to be done in assembly language. Indeed, assembly language should be regarded as a last resort, to be used when compilers are not available, or in very special circumstances.

Consumer Benefits and Controversy of High Fructose Corn Syrup Essay exa

The Bittersweet Truth to superior Fructose lemon yellow SyrupThis paper is virtually high fruit sugar corn sirup, a widely employ sweetener made from corn. It discusses the history behind it and explains the process through which it is made and why it is used so widely. It also discusses the link between high fructose corn syrup and obesity. This research paper provides and in-depth explanation of the consumer advantages of high fructose corn syrup as well as the controversy behind its labeling as innate(p). Most people cannot resist the sweet taste of candy, cookies, cake, or anything else you can think of. The majority of Americans have plenty of these products in their pantries, ready to be eaten. These people think that they are just eating junk food full of sugar, but virtually everything that is sweet that you buy at the supermarket is chock full of something even worse, high fructose corn syrup. High fructose corn syrup is super alcohol-soluble and mixes well in many foods. A lot of companies are willing to use it because it is cheap to produce in large quantities, unbelievably sweet and tasty, and extremely easy to store. There is a lot of controversy over high fructose corn syrup because of its questionable health effects, taste, and labeling as a natural ingredient. Even though high fructose corn syrup is a relatively recent development in food products around the world, there is a lot of history behind how it is made and why it is used in such a variety of edible goods.A scientist named Yoshiyuki Matsuoka-Naoi Takasaki patented high fructose corn syrup in 1971 while working for a government-affiliated laboratory in a large city in Japan. But it wasnt until 2001, shortly afterwards the United States of America Surgeon General, Dr. Da... ... and the rest of the world will find themselves in an inescapable abyss.Works CitedB. Guggenheim, Zurich. Health and Sugar Substitutes. Switzerland S. Karger, 1979Forristal, Linda Joyce. The Murk y World of High-Fructose Corn Syrup. In the Kitchen with Mother Linda. 12 Mar 2003. The Weston A. Prince Foundation . 28 Jul 2007 .High Fructose Corn Syrup Facts. HFCS Facts. 2007. The Corn Refiners Association. 23 Jul 2007 .Hopkins, Kate. Why Coke Uses High fructose corn syrup. Accidental Hedonist. 01 Jan 2006. 23 Jul 2007 .National Academy of Sciences. Sweeteners Issues and Certainties. 4th Edition. Washington D.C. Academy Forum, 1975.

Elmer Gantry Essay -- Essays Papers

Elmer GantryThe majority of all books are trash. Sinclair Lewis Elmer Gantry is a great book because it has credibility, a eternal theme, and it has the necessary action. Any book that roll in the hay do that is a great book. The credibility of Elmer Gantry is some function that lead keep this book eternally great. Although the actual cartridge clip period is dated, the plot is not dated. well-nigh people can relate to the different characters in the book. Elmer is a pompous football player who thinks that he is higher(prenominal) than any religion. However, people try, and successfully switch him. He attempts to please two masters at first his vices and God. He eventually makes the decision to live by God, but of course he will occasionally fool around with his old vices, especially adultery. Most people know someone who is like this and nonetheless somehow succeeds although he shouldnt have. Although Elmer is much extreme than the people the reader is likely to know, he is s till a very credible characters. Another thing that makes this a timeless novel is that it has the call for action to attract the reader who only wants entertainment. Elmer often gets into fights that will keep the reader in the edge of their seat. He will face odds that well-nigh would run away from, but also has times when he backs down from a fight, such as when fellow Naylor and Brother Bains confront him about deceive around with Lulu. It also has enough opportunities for the modern person to think about sex although it doesnt graphical... Elmer Gantry demonstrate -- Essays PapersElmer GantryThe majority of all books are trash. Sinclair Lewis Elmer Gantry is a great book because it has credibility, a timeless theme, and it has the necessary action. Any book that can do that is a great book. The credibility of Elmer Gantry is something that will keep this book eternally great. Although the actual time period is dated, the plot is not dated. Most people can r elate to the different characters in the book. Elmer is a pompous football player who thinks that he is higher than any religion. However, people try, and successfully convert him. He attempts to please two masters at first his vices and God. He eventually makes the decision to live by God, but of course he will occasionally fool around with his old vices, especially adultery. Most people know someone who is like this and still somehow succeeds although he shouldnt have. Although Elmer is more extreme than the people the reader is likely to know, he is still a very credible characters. Another thing that makes this a timeless novel is that it has the needed action to attract the reader who only wants entertainment. Elmer often gets into fights that will keep the reader in the edge of their seat. He will face odds that most would run away from, but also has times when he backs down from a fight, such as when Brother Naylor and Brother Bains confront him about fooling around with Lulu . It also has enough opportunities for the modern person to think about sex although it doesnt graphical...

Dehumanization in The Women Who Clean Fish Essay -- Women Who Clean Fi

Dehumanization in The Women Who reasonable Fish   Erica Funkhousers women who clean fish can hardly be categorized as women at all. Yet they supposedly argon all named Rose or Grace forming a vast contradiction in itself. They are introduced as individuals giving the illusion that they are of some importance but very soon they are seen as nothing more than laborers. They become an unclassifiable mass, each as common as the next. However, they do not remain unidentifiable forever and by the end of the poem the women become entirely fishlike. The Women Who Clean Fish illustrates this dehumanizing transformation into fish.   The names Rose and Grace do not fit into this poem because of the context in which they are used. When the word rose is seen or heard it is the illustration of an elegant flower at the end of a long slender stem, adorned with delicate petals that is clearly visible and an instant point of beauty comes to mind. By definition, grace means a vir tue that comes from God. Immediately an angelic, classy woman by the name of Grace is pict...

Dehumanization in The Women Who Clean Fish Essay -- Women Who Clean Fi

Dehumanization in The Women Who Clean Fish   Erica Funkhousers women who clean fish can hardly be categorized as women at all. provided they supposedly ar all named uprise or Grace forming a vast contradiction in itself. They are introduced as individuals giving the illusion that they are of some importance but very soon they are seen as nothing more than laborers. They become an unidentifiable mass, each as common as the next. However, they do not remain unidentifiable forever and by the end of the poem the women become entirely fishlike. The Women Who Clean Fish illustrates this dehumanizing transformation into fish.   The names Rose and Grace do not fit into this poem because of the context in which they are used. When the word rose is seen or heard it is the illustration of an elegant kick at the end of a long slender stem, adorned with delicate petals that is clearly visible and an instant picture of beauty comes to mind. By definition, grace mover a vi rtue that comes from God. Immediately an angelic, classy woman by the name of Grace is pict...

Iomega Corporation Data Storage

The purpose of this report is to examine the Iomega lot, based in Roy, Utah, for the BA 201 Survey of Business course at Birmingham-S out(p)hern College. The come with manufactures computer storage devices the dynamismTM and JazTM pay backs, the Clik storehouse device, and the BuzTM audio and video drive. 1The guide supplier of data storage devices in Europe, and the third largest supplier in the world, Iomega has now strengthened its line of products with the ditto mark tape backup device.2 The industrys enthusiasm and familiar satisfaction with which these products were received is unprecedented in the computer industry, making Iomega an innovator among innovators.This report testament discuss the following components of the Iomega CorporationHistory of the corporation and its productsMarketing strategies and product offeringsIomega was founded in 1980 with its flagship removable storage device, the Bernoulli drive. Though its original efforts are now more(prenominal) th an antiquated, Bernoulli Optical Systems remains a subsidiary of Iomega. In 1983 Iomega was made public, and for the next twelve stratums, the smart set would see a period of experimentation and growth. While Iomega remained lav the major industry names of Apple and IBM, the late eighties and early nineties were integral to Iomegas current success. The technical bases for the dynamism and Jaz drives were built upon, leading to these products 1995 release.2Public response to the release of the man-portable data storage devices was enormous. Orders clogged the production component of Iomega before the records were even released to the public, and by April 1996, barely one year after its introduction, Sony Pictures Entertainment entered into an exclusive agreement with Iomega for use of its Jaz disks.3 June of that same year would bring even greater response Iomega entered into merchandising agreements with IBM, NEC Technologies, Gateway, and Unisys.4 By the lay off of the summe r of 1996, Iomega had formed fibernerships with every major computer manufacturer in the United States.The media frenzy surrounding the release of the drives was further fueled by honors awarded by computing magazines PC Computing and Gadget Guru. The Jaz drive was named 1996s Innovation of the Year and Most Valuable Product by PC. Gadget Guru named the Jaz drive the stovepipe Computer Accessory of 1996. These and early(a) accolades pushed public familiarity of Iomega products higher and higher, boosting production and sales.5In response to this domestic success, Iomega began a complete expansion of its foreign production and marketing in early 1997. European headquarters were set up in both the Netherlands and Switzerland, and their production internet site in Malaysia was expanded and modified. While the base of the union remained in Roy, Utah, Iomegas presence in both Europe and Asia was fortified with a larger number of production jobs for Asians and Europeans. Coupled wi th a greater preoccupancy of foreign marketing and advertising, Iomega emerged as the third largest producer of data storage devices in the world.6The end of the 1996 fiscal year showed a 272% increase in receipts from the previous year.7 The introduction of the Jaz and secure drives in 1995 was undoubtedly responsible for this success, which was followed in 1997 by new partnerships with Motorola, Apple, Kinkos, and Hewlett Packard.4 By June of 1997, Iomegas Zip drive shipments reached six zillion it was then a standard in new Sony personal computers, Micron notebook computers, and in all Kinkos store computers nationwide.8The success of the Iomega drives remained rampant when the bon ton announced the introduction of the Buz multimedia producer in late 1997. The Buz producer would allow consumers to capture movies, music, and photographs on their personal computers. While the success of the Buz drive in time remains far behind that of the Zip and Jaz drives, this diversificat ion allowed the company to remain on the cutting edge of computer technology. The Jaz drive was marketed as a accompany piece to the Buz drive, lightly forcing consumers to purchase two products with one goal in mind.9 The approach was successful, leading to 1997 fiscal year earnings of 77%.10May 1998, in the wake of the Buz release, brought about another important computer modernization, the Clik drive. The Clik drive revolutionized methods by which consumers could store digital information from handheld video cameras, computers, and cameras.11 Marketed with special Clik disks, the drive itself brought the portable storage efforts of Iomega full circle, now having storage products for virtually every major computer product on the market.Iomega advertises in many different places. The web site www.iomega.com provides a simple way to find out about the company. It provides potential customers with many different sections geared towards answering their questions about Iomega and its products. The site allows potential customers the fortune to gather information through press releases and news articles related to the company, and gives customers a chance to win free products in contests. More importantly, Iomegas web site allows customers the opportunity to order its products online via a virtual shopping mall. Customers can receive Iomegas products without ever stepping foot outside their front door.Iomega also advertises its products through other companies. Having Iomega Zip drives already installed in computers, such as Apple, Dell, and Gateway, allows customers the option of buying a Zip drive already installed in a computer of a well-established personal computer (PC) manufacturer. About 40% of Dell computers already project Iomega Zip drives installed in them.Due to all of the positive responses Iomega has received from forming partnerships with these PC manufacturers, it has intractable to form a new partnership with Fujifilm. Fuji Photo Film Company Ltd. has recently started marketing branded Clik disks. Fuji already markets Fujifilm branded Zip drives and has now signed with the forty megabyte Clik disks. Said Steven A. Solomon, senior vice president of Fuji Photo Film USA, Inc., Weve had great success branding Iomegas normal Zip disks and we believe that we will have similar success with Clik disks. 12Iomega offers customers a way to store large amounts of information on disks rather than salve them on the hard drive of their computer. The company offers 100MB Zip USB and now the new 250MB Zip drives. This option benefits both businesses and personal computer owners. Businesses profit from owning a Zip drive due to the convenience of saving large presentations or proposals on a disk and then abideing it to different places for personal computer owners, the Zip drive allows everyone in the house to have their own disk, keeping childrens games separate from parents finances. The notebook Zip gives people with digital compute rs the ability to carry large amounts of information with them in a slim, low power design for easier storage and transportation.Iomega recently lowered the price on their external Zip 100MB small computer system interface and their 100MB Zip USB the new prices are $99.95 and $129.95, respectively. Reducing the prices was driven by the products universal adoption by the users of more than twenty-two million Zip drives, said David J. Henry, vice-president and general manager of Zip/Jaz management at Iomega Corporation. 14 By lowering the price of the product, Iomega makes their products more affordable for their customers, attracting more potential buyers.Iomega Corporation announced in January 1999 that it is restructuring in hopes of increasing gross profit figures for the upcoming fiscal year. Although Iomega controls over 86% of the removable storage market, its gross profits have decreased to levels that have made public investors somewhat weary. Previously, Iomegas structure wa s that of three decentralized product units which included the Professional Products, Personal terminal, and Mobile Storage divisions.The new structure will focus on eight business functions that include sales and marketing, product development, manufacturing and operations, corporate marketing, finance, legal, human resources, and corporate development and strategy. In addition, take in management created a new functional group known as customer service and development which combines the existing customer service governing body with a new group of applications engineers.15 Iomega hopes that these changes will ease the rise-fall-and-rise-a turn a profit impression that the company has acquired since its entry into the removable storage market in 1980, thus spurring amend gross profits, consumer confidence, and an increased interest on Wall Street.16In 1983, Iomega was on top of the Wall Street world. The searing property raised $21.7 million in public offerings due to the intere st drawn by IBM PC users who were amazed by Iomegas patented Bernoulli Box technology. The Bernoulli Box used a subsystem with stand-alone disk drives that rest beneath the monitor and provide unlimited data storage capability with removable cartridges. After several years of prosperity, the bottom fell out in 1986 and 1987 when computer makers began including relatively large storage hard drives as a standard part of the home PC. Demand for the Bernoulli Box technology waned, and Iomega go through hard times that included an $8.5 million bank debt and enormous inventories.Michael Kucha took the reins as chief executive officer (CEO) and immediately made an impact on the try company. Kucha cut costs by trimming the workforce from 1,350 to 750 as well as utilizing substantial tax write-offs. In less then a year, Kucha helped Iomega gain an $18 million cash balance, cut the bank debt to zero, and slashed inventory by 50%.16 More importantly, Kucha stressed research and development d uring his leadership reign. The company was able to adapt its Bernoulli Box product for the Apple Macintosh computers and began benefiting from the increased demand for the Macintosh in the late 1980s and early 1990s.After a few years of slightly above average success, 1993 proved to be a disastrous year for Iomega. CEO Fred Wenniger, who replaced Kucha in 1989, departed due to shoplifting margins and increased competition. The removable storage market had recently been flooded with Iomega clones that caused prices to decline, thus increasing competition. Analysts wondered if the company would survive the year.17 Leon Staciokas was named acting CEO as the company restructured during 1993 and 1994.In January 1994, Staciokas advocated a staff cut in hopes of reducing overhead expenses and freeing up extra cash. Eight percent of salaried positions were cut as part of the corporate wide restructuring.18 Later in the year, Kim Edwards replaced Staciokas and became permanent CEO of Iomega . Edwards first task was freeing up more money to invest in modify and improving technology. In July, Iomega cut 100 salaried jobs in a bold management move that would free up $4 million in overhead annually.19Edwards new management approach towards Iomega eventually transformed the company from a struggling business into the most successful removable storage manufacturer in the world. This approach was based on the idea of creating a product that the public would buy and use rather than simply admire. After meeting with top management and technical advisors in the early months of 1995, Edwards was able to lay the groundwork for the release of Iomegas new Zip drive that would revolutionize the industry and bushel the company as a major player in removable storage software. The creation and release of the Zip drive in late 1995, as well as wise financial management by Edwards, helped to increase Iomegas operating budget from $141 million in 1995 to just over $1.2 one thousand thou sand in 1997. 20Unfortunately, Iomega encountered more problems in late 1997 and early 1998. Edwards believed that opening a new product engineering and manufacturing plant in Milipitas, California, would yield greater productivity and allow for quicker response time to customer demands for new technology.21 And it did. However, in July 1998, Iomega acquired Nomai, another removable storage manufacturer, in hopes of shrinking competition and placing the company squarely in front of all competitors. This bold move hurt Iomegas finances and caused a significant increase in operating expenses when opposite with the upkeep of a brand new factory. This poor management decision by Edwards cost him his job. 22Presently, Jodie Glore serves as president and CEO of Iomega. Mr. Glore is the permanent second-stringer for Kim Edwards after James Sierk served a brief stint as interim CEO. Glore hopes to reorganize and restructure Iomega he wants to focus on the areas that the company has been c riticized for in the olden such as customer service and unsatisfactory product performance. Glore has already taken steps to alleviate these problems by ordering internal restructuring that will slide by the previous system. The new system of eight business functions is a more elaborate, yet organized hierarchy. Glore hopes that it will allow a quicker response to customers, placing their ask as a top priority.15

Creative Brief GAP Inc.

The launch of the Americana khakis for the young professional, in other to reconnect with the Identity of what GAP Inc. Comfortable, stylish, quality, strong American brand. Ill. Description of product or service. Gap Inc. And Its preppy khakis feel more comfortable, lightweight, wrinkle worry free, excellent fit, resistible, washes and finishes, with best quality fabric for an average rice point of $54. 5. They are durable and last longer, also with new shapes for every young men and women with family that has no time and would like a quality product. IV. why are we trying to accomplish with this communications piece? To reconnect the customer with the brand identity and regain the that young old growing customer, offering khakis at cheap price, but also offering more stylish and exciting, relatively conservative, and functional khakis to use anytime. Let always to look in- carriage, casual at work, at home, and at play.V. What Is the tonality of the ad? The tonality of the ad cam paign with Khakis will be creative. Fun, excellent. Connecting with past. The grade is to bring back and keep our loyal customers with Khakis classical style. By produce the old ads from the asss, with famous music songs of today dancing, playing, and working with the Khakis. VI. Who/What is our competition? American Eagle Outfitters, J. Crew, Firebombed & Fitch, Express, Reportable, Banana Republic, Old Navy, H and J. C Penny VI. Who Is the target consumer?It is aim to young professional men and women ages 25 40 who have disposable 1 OFF commitment to brand loyalty and want to look dear(p) while keeping their purchases within their budget. They wear khakis to feel comfortable and in style too. People wearing these khakis pants should feel natural, relaxed, and authentic. VIII. What is our single most smooth-tongued idea? Khakis are classic, bringing back durable but also chic and fashionable every drawer and GAP Inc. , Go Khakis this season. The quality and operate also impor tant role in the brand. X.Why should our target believe the promise? For years GAP Inc. Offers good quality, simple, classic yet comfortable American style with this we reinforce and reconnect with the consumer and American tradition of the Khakis. X. What is personality for this product or service? Preppy and young professionals X. What is the medium? TV ads are important as well as Media use of Internet Youth, and Social Media advertisement using the new Khakis style. Magazines that target more family, fashion and general interest magazines US Weekly, Marie Claire, GO, Parent. XII.Approvals (Who is responsible for signing off, for face Brand Manager, Marketing Director, then UP Marketing, after shoot the CUP XIII. First, Second, Third, Fourth Round Creative Due Dates September 1st until April 1st May. uncover in XIV. Budget (example budget is $50,000, quantity 2500, distribution via hand and mail) Budget of $1 Distributed quantity TV media $ 600. 00/1/ ad campaign new interp retation with artist collaboration Taylor Swift and other American famous artist that connect with GAP style. Social Media ad, Youth $300. 00 Print in Magazines $100,000

Death by Scrabble by Charlie Fish Essay

In the short story Death By Scrabble, Charlie Fish tells a story of a bitter man who is contemplating killing his married woman as they engage in a game of Scrabble. Through emerge the game, the man notices that the words played on the board manifest into action. After he figures out the words played are coming true, he tries to play words so he can kill her. In the end, he ends up demise after his wife plays the word death.The man expresses his extreme anger and resentment toward his wife throughout the story. The husband and wife seem to share reciprocal feelings of hatred. He tells himself that if the letters give him a sign he will kill her right then and there. He tries to manipulate the game so he can kill his wife but he is killed instead. The fact that he ultimately dies shake offs him a static character. Another reason he is to be considered a static character is that he did not gain any insight throughout the story. He failed to see that blaming his wife for is happiness wont make him any happier.The theme of the story is blame. The husband expresses throughout the duration of the story that he blames his wife for his misery. He fails to realize that she most likely possesses similar feelings of lugubriousness. He reasons that if she were dead he would be happier. The central idea of the story is escapist. The husband wants to escape his marriage so badly that he plots to murder his wife. He blames her for his unhappiness and feels he can escape his misery by killing her. Sadly, the main character lacked the insight to see that other people cannot be to blame for your bear happiness.

African Americans Essay

The African American journey has been one of trials and tribulations which they suffered greatly to achieve freedom and success. The battle has led the citizens of this nation to engender witnessed the first African American President of the join States. The journey that has brought African Americans to the present situation has seen intermittent successes and numerous setbacks. Perseverance from legion(predicate) generations has brought about a gradual but progressive change. The journey begun in a state of slavery, through with(predicate) the act of slavery racism was seen in its r best forms.The long journey emerged from African Americans being sold to washcloth traders and transported across the Atlantic Ocean. Slaves were auctioned off and sold to the highest bidders. African Americans were considered personal post of the white man and viewed as economic commodity. Their qualification and endurance was formed as a result of clearing in the fields and kitchens from sunris e to sunset. The slaves sleep withd off of the b be necessities in life. This act of slavery existed for decades and helped to contrive the course of American history.From slavery to the March on Washington and many other cores, African Americans cast fought for their rights in United States, and have achieved their identity through many historical move custodyts. The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution offici anyy abolished slavery and freed the slaves to make a life for themselves as the Reconstruction Period. During the Reconstruction Era (1867) African Americans still suffered hardships under the leadership of Andrew Johnson who became president after Lincoln had got assassinated in 1865. Andrew Johnson had no intention of helping the African Americans he wanted to punish the slaveholders in the South. Andrew Jackson opposed giving African Americans the freedom to vote or equal rights.1870 the 15th Amendment was ratified and became a law that specified African Americans H istorical Journey from 1865 to the Present 3 African American men had the right to vote. Voting was part of African Americans receiving civil liberties. The genteel Rights Movement and racial oppression were very significant moments in the American history. Exploitation was seen based on the color of ones skin. Oppression was the way to keep the African Americans voice unheard. The dominant race manipulated America and shaped it according to the value of one race in society.Gaining equality was the essence of the deal for African Americans in which white society pushed to prohibit African Americans from gaining any form of equality. Americans were uninformed and unaware of how corrupt the government officials were. During the historical journey of the African Americans the government failed to have all humans best interest in mind. The African American Journey Devastation of trials and tribulations were prevalent among the African Americans before 1865. The Civil War put a new twi st on how society tuned into a racist world. racial discrimination was very powerful and demanding during this period in life.Racism still prevails in the present tense only in more subtle ways. Before 1865 issues with slavery depicted lynching, segregation, low wages for job performances and derogatory defamation of character within a race due to skin pigmentation. Slavery and degradation never killed the desire of freedom and a promising succeeding(a) for African Americans. This was one of the foremost occurrences of hatred and dehumanizing of man because of the color of their skin. This exemplified the state of condition the African Americans were placed and recognized that another race was superior or had power over another race. African Americans were considered powerless over their own lives.The Emancipation African Americans Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 4 Proclamation and the ordinal Amendment were passed by a strong leader representd Abraham Lincoln, whic h declared all of Americas slaves were free by 1865. In 1865, African Americans were finally feeling similar human beings and not like property that endured brutality, harsh whippings, no rights as humans and cruel punishment. The passing of various civil liberty movements, education, employment and select privileges improved.Fox (2014) stated that southern sears were impatient in seeking voting privileges. The U. S. Constitution gave all smuttys a nominal right to vote, but southern blacks were often seasons blocked at the polls, and racial apartheid was the foundation of a rigid caste system. The Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendment abolished slavery and Americans were making strides to work things out. After the release of slaves the black codes of law were passed laws, statues, and rules enacted by southern states after the Civil War to gain control over the slaves again and protect the white mans property from retaliation.The slave owners were worried that they had to do the Plantation work themselves after the slaves were freed, and blacks would want revenge on them because of the hardships of oppression over hundreds of years. Progression of African Americans throughout the eighteenth and 19th centuries was a struggle. The relationships in the midst of blacks and whites were, frustrating and intense, primarily because the concept of reigning in superior positions over African Americans lives in respect to finances, social activities, cultural values or policy-making affiliations has not changed significantly. African Americans fought for equal opportunity and their rights as a human race.They struggled to fit in with society. Despite the developments and changes, many pecuniary and visual (how they were perceived) characteristics of African Americans at the end of the nineteenth century did not African Americans Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 5 differ from that of the mid-1800s. 1865-1876 was considered a time of change for African A mericans but racism continued to cause much pain and despair for African Americans. Two significant events that surfaced to support the emergence of African Americans was the Harlem Renaissance Movement (1920) and the Civil Rights Movement. The HarlemRenaissance contributed to the talents and cultural beliefs of African Americans. They were able to bring perspective and pride to their lives. Harlem Renaissance was defined as The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, move black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. Many had exercise from the South, fleeing its oppressive caste system in order to find a place where they could freely express their talents (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2002, p. 1).African Americans felt they were able to make specific contributions to s ociety and start communicating their feelings, beliefs and values to others. The Harlem Renaissance Movement brought different racial groups together in savvy of the music and poetry but did not have much success in breaking the racial divide between the races that were expressed in the Jim line-shooting excerpts. The Renaissance incorporated jazz and the blues, attracting whites to Harlem speakeasies, where interracial couples danced. It contributed to a certain relaxation of racial attitudes among young whites, but its greatest impact was to reinforce race pride among blacks (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2002, p. 1).The 1964 Civil Rights Movement gave African Americans the right to take a stand against racism. Racial discrimination was a major problem that caused havoc in the lives of African Americans. Several events emerged from the Civil Rights African Americans Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 6 movement that made a significant impact on the lives of Afri can Americans- the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the grim Power Movement. The events above promoted a means of outlawing racial discrimination.Segregation was protested through political and social protest rallies and campaigns. The Black Power Movement gave African Americans a voice to be heard. Political and religious reasons were heard as their voices resonated throughout society. The African American movement gained political legitimacy because it politicized the grievances of collective memory and appealed to a common ancestry to regain for this people cultural, political, and economic rights by rejecting subordination and White cultural supremacy or hegemony (Jalata, 2002, p. 1). Before the Civil Rights Movement America was considered in the realms of practicing apartheid.All African Americans were humiliated, denied their civil rights and liberties, dehumanized and suffered tremendous hardships. Several movements initiated progress for African Americans. They were finally gaini ng their rights to live as human beings and become a part of society. But the awkward truth is that when it comes to the goals laid down by the civil rights movement in full general and Brown in particular, America is actually going backward (Younge, 2014, p. 10). A school in Little Rock marked a turn in events for African Americans.This was in 1957 when the governor issued an order to the National Guard troops to stop the nine black children from entering the school. The order was denied and a mob of white students intimidated the black students. Federal soldiers escorted the black students into the school and were protected by the armed guards. The governor, African Americans Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 7 Faubus, closed all of the citys schools to prevent integration. The African Americans prevailed regardless of the circumstances. According to Pearson Education (2000) other events that marked a period of setbacks and progression in the lives of African Americans are1931 NINE BLACK YOUTHS ar INDICTED IN SCOTTSBORO, ALA., ON CHARGES OF HAVING raped 2 white women. 1947 JACKIE ROBINSON BREAKS MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALLS COLOR BARRIER WHEN HE IS signed to the Brooklyn Dodgers by Branch Rickey. 1952 MALCOLM X BECOMES A MINISTER OF THE NATION OF ISLAM. OVER THE NEXT some(prenominal) years his influence increases until he is one of the two most powerful members of the Black Muslims.1963 MARTIN LUTHER KING WAS ARRESTED FOR MARCHING AGAINST ANTI-SEGREGATION. 1966 THE BLACK PANTHERS WAS FOUNDED. 1967 THURGOOD MARSHALL WAS APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT. 2002 HALLE BERRY AND DENZEL WASHINGTON RECEIVED OSCARS FOR BEST ACTORS.1992 RACIAL RIOTS ARE SEEN IN LOS ANGELES AFTER ACQUITTING FOUR WHITE BOYS FOR beating Rodney King. African Americans Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 8 2005 CONDOLEEZZA RICE BECOMES THE FIRST BLACK FEMALE U. S. secretary OF STATE. 2009 BARACK OBAMA BECAME THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN PRESIDENT. Many problems that exist toda y seem to be repeating themselves. America seems to be making an upturn and the ugly faces of racism are reappearing.Younge (2014) stated that schools are re-segregating, legislation is being gutted, its getting harder to vote, large numbers are being deprived of their basic rights through incarceration, and the economic disparities between black and white are growing. In many areas, America is becoming more separate and less equal. Overcoming hurdles was nothing new to Obama and Colin Powell. Both men achieved success in American society.Obama became the first black president and Colin Powell became Secretary of State and served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Barack Obama is the first African American President of the United States and that is considered a very important step forward in this country. His administration has been one of struggle and plight to succeed because of the turmoil going on in the nation. Obama has succeeded in great ways without the support of many Republican s in the house.Asked So, how has being Black affected your ability to govern? , Obama replied in part By faithfulness of being African-American, Im attuned to how throughout this countrys history there have been times when folks have been locked out of opportunity, and because of the hard work of people of all races (Cooper, 2012, p. 11). Obama has been successful in making equal opportunity a solution to African Americans Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 9 many problems.He has slowly opened the doors to more people and made equal opportunity happen through vigilance and determination. A great historical event occurred when Obama was elected as President. This surprised many Americans in the world. This symbolized a step forward towards racial equality in the history of African Americans. This election captured several important turn of events that said we have made great accomplishments. This completed the Civil Rights Movement and what it stood for, an emergence of a p ost-racial society, the elimination of multiculturalism and the possibility of ending the black struggle.There were several activist that would not have concluded that the black struggle has ended. Those people were Marcus Garvey, Ella Baker and Huey P. Newton. Their beliefs were based on specific facts that unifying unordered people of African descent, inspiring racial pride, and ultimately creating a separate, independent country should be the goals of racial uplift. Garvey thought black people were oppressed and separate as a race. Because they were scattered as an unmixed and unrecognized part in numerous nations they were dependent upon the other races for kindness and sympathy.Many people have struggled to explain the plight of the African American race but the journey was one of hardship, courage and endurance that built character. The African American race has come a long way from cruelty and hardship inflicted during the 1800s. The journey encompassed freedom, voting righ ts, civil liberties and equality. African Americans Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 10 References Blackpast. org. (2007). African American history timeline 1901-2000. Retrieved from http//www. blackpast. org/timelines/african-american-history-timeline-1900-2000 Cooper, K. J. (2012). The Presidents Report Card. Crisis (15591573), 119(4), 6. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com.proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? sharpen= line up&db=f5h&AN=88314705&site=eds-live Educational Broadcasting Corporation (2002). The Harlem Renaissance. Retrieved from http//www. pbs. org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_harlem. html Fox Piven, F. (2014). 50 and FIGHTING. Planning, 80(6), 10. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=96548704&site=eds-live Jalata, A. (2002). Revisiting the black struggle Lessons for the 21st century. Journal of Black Studies, 33(1).Retrieved from African Americans Historical Journey from 186 5 to the Present 11 http//search.ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=edb&AN=7268500&site=eds-live Kirk, J. (2009). THE LONG ROAD TO EQUALITY. History Today, 59(2), 52-58. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=aph&AN=36590274&site=eds-live Pearson Education. (2000).African American history timeline. Retrieved from http//www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmtimeline. html Younge, G. (2014). The clownish Truth about Race. Nation, 298(24), 10-11. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=aph&AN=96204081&site=eds-live.

Assignment 2: Reflection Essay

Overall I am doing pretty well with distributively of the four components of inter person-to-person effectivity, competence, turned on(p) intelligence, mindfulness and ethics. The person I interviewed as my partner, was my sister Tanya. This is how she thinks I am doing on each of the four components She thinks that my interpersonal effectiveness I shed great relationships with family and close friends. She also says that I have a good balance between priorities and self-indulgence. Tanya also says that I have presumption and I respect others as well. Now with the competence component she thinks that I am successful in e actuallything as long as I go along focused on my goal. Tanya also says that I have accomplished and mastered several things such as earning an Associates Degree, a computer skills certificate, an berth skills certificate, and I have long time experience in cashiering. She says that I am very in tune to others emotions and that I am a very emotional person mys elf.My sister also tells me that I instinctively know when someone is happy, sad, angry, or just simply needs a hug. She also tells me that I am very emotional and I outwardly show those emotions. With mindfulness and ethics my sister says that I demonstrate effective mindfulness in my terrene tasks, which leads to good ethical decisions. She also says that I am very mindful when it comes to making all of my decisions. In a nut shell my sister is severe to get across that because I am very mindful of the choices I make, it reflects on my highly ethical standards and practices. The results of the Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment Test in faculty 1 were very accurate. I have learned that what my sister has written about me is very accurate with what the assessment test has informed me of my true emotional intelligence assessment, which I have known all along. Although, I need to work on the competence more.These tenets of interpersonal communication affects me positively in my personal life and my academic life, but my professional life I have some ways to go yet. Two key insights for this assignment for me would be that I found out that I am more competent than I thought I was, (I still need to work on this area.) and I have very good emotional intelligence. Looking back on the goals that I set for myself, the new behaviors that I can practice that will help me sink them are the fourcomponents of emotional intelligence, interpersonal effectiveness, competence, mindfulness and ethics. I take pride in myself because I do my best to always use the higher up mentioned components all day, every day.

Ap Bio Respiration Frq

40) Describe the structure of a mammalian respiratory system. Include in your discussion the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration. In mammals, oxygen archetypical passes through the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is covered with mucus and cicilia to filter the demeanor. The nasal cavity leads to the pharynx. The pharynx consists of the eustachian tube and the tonsils. The inhaled air past passes to the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The bronchi lead to the bronchioles in the lungs. In the lungs the pleural membrane facilitates breathing. The bronchioles end in microscopic alveoli lined by a thin, moist epithelium.The alveoli is the primary site of gas exchange. Branches of the pulmonary arteries grade oxygen poor blood to the alveoli branches of the pulmonary veins transport oxygen rich blood from the alveoli back to the heart. Inspiration (the summons of inhaling) begins as the external intercostals and block contract. When this happens, the lungs expand. after this, negati ve jam is used to facilitate external respiration. So, air moves from an area of higher pressure, which is the air, to an area of lower pressure in the lungs and aveoli. During inspiration the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.The diaphragm moves downwards, while the intercostal muscles make the rib cage move upwards. These two processes increase the raft of the thoracic cavity and also reduces the air pressure to infra atmospheric pressure allowing air to rush into the airways then into the alveoli. With expiration (the process of exhaling) the opposite occurs. Here, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax. This allows the diaphragm to move upwards and the intercostal muscles permit the rib cage relax to its easinging state. This concept is called passive recoil.After passive recoil occurs, the volume within the thoracic cavity now decreases. This decrease in volume causes an increase in pressure above atmospheric pressure which forces air up and out the airway. In mammals, a large part part of the process of respiration is governled neurally through the medulla oblongata. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic, involuntary functions, such as breathing, heart yard and blood pressure. The main centers in the medula that control respiration are the inspiratory and expiratory center. 3) Discuss the processes of exchange of O2 and carbon dioxide that occur at the alveoli and muscle cells of mammals. Include in your answer a verbal description of the transport of these gasses in the blood. The aveoli is very important to respiration. The aveoli needs to be efficient in obtaining oxygen as the air is approximately 20% oxygen. The aveoli are small, thinly-walled, sacs of air made out of collagen and elastic fibers. It is lined by a thin, moist epithelium, which allows for easy expansion. In respiration, first the lungs are ventilated to maintain their concentration gradient, which draws in fresh air with a higher concentration of O2.The air then fills the alveoli, which are completely surrounded by many blood capillaries in severalise to maintain a forgetful diffusion distance for the O2 to diffuse in, and the CO2 to diffuse out, so both bring down the concentration gradients. The blood then carries the Oxygen extraneous, and cycles the CO2 back, maintaining a strong concentration gradient, helping to raise the diffusion rates. It is by this mechanism that mammals are able to maintain respiration in all the cells of their body. The concentration discussed above is crucial to gas exchange because it allows osmosis and diffusion to bear away place.To further facilitate diffusion the surface of the aveoli is moist. Eventually, the oxygen diffuses from the capillaries into the interstitial liquid to be taken up by the cells. At the same time, hundred dioxide diffuses from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries. The oxygen shag also be stored in myogl obin, which can be found in muscles. Some CO2 will be present in plasma. This lowers the pH of blood. The levels of dissolved oxygen in the blood are usually 100 mm Hg in the lungs, 40 mm Hg in the muscles during rest, and 20 mm Hg in the muscles during exercise.The oxygen in the aveoli is carried by haemoglobin or in red blood cells. Hemoglobin can be found in red blood cells themselves. The transportation of hemoglobin and oxygen uses cooperation. The cooperation is allosteric. Once oxygen attaches to it, more than oxygen molecules attach easily. The opposite occurs when hemoglobin looses one oxygen molecule. The graph of this relationship would be an s-shaped curve. But, both cytosine monoxide and oxygen compete to be able to get to the binding site on hemoglobin. Most carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ions (HCO3).The enzyme carbonic anhydrase speeds up reactions and lets the carbon dioxide dissolve more easily. If the CO2 is not dissolved by an aqueous solution, some o f it can be carried by hemoglobin. The hemoglobin carries the CO2 at a different site so it doesnt compete with the O2. When the CO2 starts out at the alveolus, it first goes to the pulmonary vein, then the left atrium, the left ventricle, the artery, the capillary, and finally the CO2 gets to the muscle cells. If the CO2 travels from the muscles cells to the alveolus, the same process occurs in reverse. 4) Many physiological changes occur during exercise. -Design a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis that an exercise session causes short term increases in the heart rate and breathing rate in humans. -Explain how at least three organ systems are affected by the change magnitude physical activity and discuss interactions among these systems. a. An experiment to test this offset printing, you would need at least 10 people to participate in the experiment. The bigger the data pool, the more reliable your results will be. You would just need a stopwatch for this experiment.Fi rst, you would measure the heart rate and respiration rate of all the participants. The heart rate would be measured by feeling the pulse of the person by touching their neck. The number of beats felt in one minute is multiplied by 10 to obtain the heart rate. To obtain the respiration rate, simply count the amount of times the persons chest cavity rises and falls during breathing. This data of the participants at rest would serve as the control. The experimental data would come from the participants during exercise.So, afterward all the participants would be instructed to course along the some course for about 5 minutes. They would run at a moderate jogging speed. When the 5 minutes are up, the heart rate and breathing would be recorded the same way as before. Then, immediately after the data is recorded, the runners would run for another 15 minutes. The data would be recorded the same way immediately afterward. After the data is recorded, the runners would take a 30 minute rest i n order to return to a homeostatic condition. After the rest, the heart rate and respiration rate would be recorded yet again.If the hypothesis is true, the heart rate and respiration rate should be higher when the participants were exercising. After the rest, the participants should be back to normal. b. Circulatory System First of all, the heart in creases the stroke volume (SV). The stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat. Then, the body increases the rate of blood circulation to carry oxygen and nutrients to working muscle cells. The increased flow also carries excess CO2 out of the body. So, the cardiac output increases and the blood pressure increases as well.To cause heat loss during exercise, the capillary beds that go to the skin dilate. Respiratory System During exercise at that place is an increased gas exchange betwixt CO2 and O2. This is needed so a lot more oxygen (O2) can travel to the cells and be used as energy. Also, the increased rate of respiration helps expel the extra CO2 that is produced by the muscle cells. The increased blood circulation during exercise causes the lungs to adapt by recruiting extra capillaries to carry the increased output of the heart, further increasing the quantity of blood in the lung.This means that the diffusion capacity of the lungs is also affected. Digestive System During exercise, the digestive system immediately increases the rate of glycogenolysis. During glycogenolysis there is an increased rate of digestion in the body to break down the carbohydrates into glucose. Cellular respiration uses the glucose to increase the production of ATP. The digestive system also diverts blood away from splanchnic renal areas, where it is not needed much. All these processes help provide fuel and energy for physical activity.

Prince Edward Island †Essay Essay

Executive SummaryPrince Edward Island Preserve manufactures and produced high- quality, high priced specialty food products. P.E.I.P.C. experienced rapid growth in its short history. In the first few years of its existence, founder Bruce MacNaughton expanded his keep company from one manufacturing and retail dismission in 1989, following a second retail outlet in 1991. The company also diversified and opened two restaurants in 1989 and 1990 respectively. It is anticipated that P.E.I.P.C. will continue to grow, with projected sales for the year ending January 1992, to cause one million dollars. In August 1991, MacNaughton, contemplated on rising expansion. The two cities under consideration were in Toronto and Tokyo. Options under consideration include adding retail outlets in the aforementioned regions.Also under consideration is to augment wholesaling, and the use of distributors (hotel and airlines). Expanding the mail order handicraft is also an alternative. Although MacNaug hton has weighed some or all options to diversify P.E.I.P.Cs operations, it is unequivocally clear the company lacks clear vision, strategy goal and objective. MacNaughtons business had been built on gut and emotion rather than analysis. However, this approach may fix to be insufficient for the future. It is difficult to execute a strategy if goals are not specific, cant be described or understood. However, steer by the proper analysis of the external environment (SWOT), together with the firm-level analysis (VRINE Model), MacNaughtons can improve P.E.I.P.C.s long term war-ridden business position.Key ProblemsThis case highlights various strategic challenges MacNaughton face while contemplating expansion, and how to complete this objective successfully. The difficulty is to know when to close the gap between the firms aspiration and its current capabilities, resources and market position. The core issues identified in this case are1. Future Expansion2. Product imitation3. Produc t promotion falter to explore the use wholesale and distribution networks4. Financial Constrains unable to secure suitable financing, experienced period of cash flow shortages5. Managerial constrains6. Seasonal faculty inability to attract and retain quality staff due to the seasonal nature of the businessAnalysis and EvaluationP.E.I.P.C.s key resource is its geographical location. Prince Edward Island is most notable known for its pastoral beauty, slower pace of life, North Shore beaches and global image of Anne of Green Naples. Prince Edward Islands well known report card for the high quality of strawberries is the basis of P.E.I.P.C.s marketing strategy and product differentiation. As the company grew, P.E.I.P.C. developed and achieved a diverse product line. This resource helped the company to establish a competitive advantage. In addition, P.E.I.P.Cs higher prices did not compete with low end products charges by competitors. However, this marketing strategy to differentia te their brand, introduced P.E.I.P.C to a variety of competitors. Another key resource is financing. Although previously listed as a core issue, the company has the ability to raise $100,000 of addition capital to finance future expansion by issuing preferred stock. P.E.I.P.C.s manufacturing plant is another key resource.Currently, P.E.I.P.C.s production capacity is underutilized. The manufacturing plant operates five month a year, on a single, five days per week. Productivity levels can increase from fifty per cent to one hundred per cent by extending the hours of operation. Automating the bottling process could increase productivity substantially. The final key resource is its customers. Prince Edward Island and P.E.I.P.C. attracts thousands of tourists from over the globe. In supererogatory to local marketing efforts, the reliance on tourists could increase P.E.I.P.C.s global posture and raise consumer awareness of its products. A strategy must be formulated for the purpose of gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. MacNaughton should critically evaluate P.E.I.P.Cs performance measure for resources and capabilities by utilizing the VRINE model.The VRINE ModelValue A resource is valuable if it enables P.E.I.P.C to exploit opportunities to establish competitive advantage or negate threats. Japanese tourist comprises a gravid number of visitors to Prince Edward Island and Prince Edward Island Preserve, Co. outlets. The popularity of P.E.I and P.E.I.P.Cs products are well known to Japan. Essentially, the high level of spending by the Japanese, their fascination with P.E.I., traditions of gift giving and the amount of disposal income ready(prenominal) to them, indicates that opportunities in Japan energy be successful. Rarity P.E.I.P.C can enjoy temporary competitive advantage, so long as the content of ingredients used to even up its specialty preserves remain rare and scarce relative to it competitors. Inimitability/Non-substitutability Other fi rms in P.E.I. has begun to retail specialty preserves in hopes to profit from P.E.I.P.C.s success. Competitors might be able to imitate or substitute the value and resources quickly, at a low cost.Exploitability With a solid vision, financial base, coupled clear strategy formulation and implementation of its objectives, P.E.I.P.C. can exploit their brand and products domestically and manufacture their products globally with the resources available. P.E.I.P.C can protect and increase competitive advantage by expanding its interlocutor and distribution network in Toronto. Initially, MacNaughtons interest in Toronto was due to its size and local awareness of P.E.I. Successful expansion in Toronto can prove to be quite profitable for the company. Strategy planning for P.E.I.P.C. must also include a SWOT analysis in order to identify its interior and external factors that are favorable and/or unfavorable in achieving its objective. SWOT Analysis of Prince Edward Island Preserve Co.Str engthsWeaknessBrand LoyaltySeasonal Business StructureProduct DifferentiationAttract and Retain pure tone StaffLocal ReputationLimited AdvertisementBroad Product MixCash Flow ShortagesAbility to Raise CapitalOpportunitiesThreatsExpansion in Japan and TorontoProduct ImitationExtensive diffusion ChannelsVariety of Possible Substitutes Ability to meetCompetitive PricingSupplier Power to CompetitorsRecommendationsP.E.I.P.C can also explore expanding its marketing reach in efforts to bring brand awareness through e-commerce and web based advertising. Additionally, plans should include hiring a sales and marketing team to assist in strengthening the companys brand name and appeal. show on mail order sales by improving the quality of the catalogue and distribution reach. P.E.I.P.C. should consider automating the bottling process to increase production capacity and yearly volume. The company should also analyze the profitability of large scale orders with wholesalers, hotels and airline s, and perhaps consider opportunities to expand in the U.S.ImplementationMacNaughton should take into consideration the use of additional key strategy formulation concepts such as, the strategy diamond, the five forces model off environment threats and the PESTEL model to help his firm establish and sustain competitive advantage.

A Timeless Art Essay

The Black-Figure neck opening Amphora was attributed to the Affecter in A pasts, Greece about 530 B. C. , made of terracotta, with dimension of 5 ? x 10 1/8 inches (The Getty, On-line) This amphora, which employ to h grey-headed wine and water in ancient times, was found in a Southern Italy weighty site but because of its distinctive figures and style, it was regarded as one of Athenian masterpieces. same most artists, the real nominate of Affecter is unknown but he left a style of his own.In those years, he worked as ceramicist and vase painter and may have learned his craft from the Amasis Painter, but deviate his approach in the ceremonious way of potting and painting. During the times when Athenian vase-painters emphasized on the narrative content of their work, the Affecter focused on rigorously decorative aspects that suit the Etruscan aesthetic taste. (The Getty On-line). The amphora was molded on a pottery wheel and dried.The maker piebald on a glaze and carved design s on its surface and used the red-figure painting method, wherein, after it was open fire in a wood furnace, the glaze turned to black and covered the amphora in glaze then erasing parts of it to create finer details. (St. Petersburg Times, On-line) The portrayal of the vase is bizarre but remarkable for Athenian potter of that time. Like any others Athenian masterpieces, this vase is made of attic clay with distinguished red and black color.For years, historians never decode the narrative story behind its illustrated body but this suits the style of the Affecter who concentrated on ornamental check rather than history behind its times. The vase, though, shows Herakles, now known as Hercules, waving his club, pursuing a centaur, a mythological half horse half human figure. At the back of the vase, Theseus combats with Minotaur. The Affecter also used the old fashioned neck amphora form wherein the neck is highly defined as Protoattic and ovoid in systema skeletale (The Beazley A rchive On-line).The Affecter modified the vessel, separating the neck and the body by raised sound. Ancient and old fashioned as it is, the Black Figure Neck Amphora is extraordinary with timeless beauty. Its exquisiteness lies on its color and creativity. It is a major good will that out of clay, two colors will distinguish amphora like this, red and black. And with poise and commitment, the Affecter gave justice to its craft. utilize both old fashioned style in creating amphora and adding touch of its modern days, evidenced by adding rings on it, the Affecter is not confined with the conventional way but used his imaginations and skills to enhance its designs. The maker, giving tenseness with Herkales and Theseus greatness rather than detailed information of their winnings over battles with barbarians, is a magnificent touch of this artistic craft. It only shows patriotism more than one time glory. It depicts the makers love to its civilization and commemorates it with his trad e.It is the pinnacle reason why this kind of amphora is timeless. Presently, it cannot be used as water or wine pot, or else an ornament that would house the beauty of Athens, its rich civilizations, its artistic splendor and its two distinguished heroes. REFERENCES The Getty. The J. Paul Getty Trust. 21 August 2008 http//www. getty. edu Tampabay. com. St. Petersburg Times. 21 August 2008 http//www. tampabay. com The Beazly Archive Classical Art Research Center . 28 February 2008. University of Oxford. 21 August 2008 http//www. beazley. ox. ac. uk/index. htm

How Women Are Portrayed in Lynx and Cosmo Essay

Men act and women appear. Men understand at women. Women watch themselves demesne looked at John Berger, Ways of seeing.For my research investigation I intend to explore to what consummation specific media products use similar representations of women to appeal to their tar force back audiences. The examples I have chosen to focus on are the iconic, international womens fashion and life-style magazine ecumenical and mountain lions disputed beach campaign. I will therefore be exploring what similarities and differences they embed due to their oppositional target audiences and content. end-to-end my research the main theory I will be linking to my texts is that of Laura Mulvey, her theory explores reports of sexism and male gaze at heart the media industry.Hearst the publisher of Cosmopolitan describes the magazines target audience as Fun, Fearless Females, the entirelyiteration of the F sound connotes a reason of attitude and fierce behaviour. Alongside the brand proposi tion celebratesa love for life and inspires unexampled women to be the best they can be consciously supporting women by represent a sense of empowerment and ambition. In contrast, Unilever, owners of the puma brand state their brand prospect is that all their products are designed to give our customers the edge in the mating game establishing itself as UKs stellar(a) male grooming brand.Cosmopolitan are iconic for telling their audience active 2 main fields lifestyle and sex. Just by looking at the magazine covers, it is clear that these two topics dominate. I researched the April 2012 cover of Cosmopolitan, it follows the generic conventions of a typical magazine format for a womens fashion and lifestyle magazine. In terms of the colour scheme the pink fonts and neutral clothing convey a sense of femininity and perhaps the everyday domestic lifestyle of women, although the lifestyle aspect of the magazine seems overpowered by the topic of sex. The cover features an attracti ve women in this case the iconic Megan Fox, posing some mildly alluring consistence language, showing a lot of skin, all whilst looking directly at the camera (audience) with a sexy, sober facial expression with the eyebrow promiscuously raised, and suggestive parted lips.Although the model is simply posing the current fashion, the low cut, tightly fitting dress connotes an over intimateised view of the celebrity who is universally known as a sex symbol in the media world, taking her place in FHMs sexiest women each course and continuously playing the role of the sexy female in various commonplace films. It is clear that Cosmopolitan use bold sexual connotations surrounding women, although argue that their intentions are in fact to empower women through and through their sexuality. Notice the models strong dead body language , the hand on hip look used on board taglines such as Naughty or nice? You decide, and sexual puns are even added in regarding none sexual subjects such a s career advice You on top, these are bold sexual connotations implying that woman should dominate to get what they want, mostly regarding the topic of sex. Perhaps fighting the controversial debate of sexism towards women in media by surprisingly embracing Laura Mulveys theory of male gaze.Cosmo put across the idea that if men find women attractive then it should accredit them by reservation them feel good about themselves, knowing that they look sexy and attractive. The magazine are conscious to do this in a ripe manor, opposed to other trashy and over sexualised magazines. Mediaknowall.com state that Womens magazines have moved on and shot visions of independence and confidence as well as beauty and domestic concerns, yet women are hitherto encouraged to look good. Body image and size have become a outgrowth issue in society in result of magazine content. The overuse of petite, photo shopped models throughout magazines has resulted in these images becoming the dominant ideol ogy. Over the years images printed in womens magazines have contributed to this universal feeling to look good and be a certain size. panther are known for their voyeuristic product advertisement, this grammatical constituent of the company is what attracts their buyers, yet is also their downfall. Lynx have been publicly criticized for their overuse of objectifying women, using sexualized and provocative mental imagery and overall blunt sexism. The BBC news state that in 2011 six of Lynxs advertising campaigns were out(p) after mass numbers of complains were made they added that the 113 complaints said it was sexually suggestive and demeaning to women. I researched Lynxs recent TV advertisement and accompanying print advert titled The cleaner you are, the dirtier you get. Although I believe this is one of Lynxs milder sexualised adverts even the title itself contains a sexual pun, suggesting the hope of sex if you shower with the product.The girl on the print advertisement is no doubt an attractive young female, fitting the iconic blonde bombshell look. The girls enticing facial expression creates the conceit she is inviting the audience (male) into the shower with her. Although the girls expressions look confident, there is a contrast between this and her body language. For example the way she has to cup her bikini top to stop it from falling. This vulnerability of the woman standing fractional nude for a male audience completely visually depicting her as a female, making her a passive object of male visual pleasure. A comment by Jean Killbourne (a popular media activist) backs up my point by stating that womens bodies are often dismembered into legs, breasts or thighs, reinforcing the message that women are objects quite a than whole human beings.Killbourne suggests that women have become dehumanised into erotic objects for male pleasure. One element of Lynxs campaigns which continues throughout is the idea of fake portrayal. In each advert the male r ole is compete by your everyday, not overly-attractive man, contrasted with the female role being a desirable, young beauty. In an everyday world the changes of the male role attracting that type of woman are very slim. Despite this the main message that Lynx put across to their audience throughout their advertisements is that if men wear the product women will find them overwhelming False portrayal. Of course this element adds humour to the advertisements, although all at the expense of objectifying women in the process and promoting the gender role of the dominant male.BibliographyWebsiteswww.mediaknowall.comHearst, http.//www.hearst.co.uk/magazines/Cosmpolitan/5-about.htm Cosmopolitan, http//www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/exclusive/megan-fox-april-cover-cosmopolitan Exploring the media representations and responses

Ap Psychology Review Packet Essay

Absolute Thresholdthe minimum stimulant drug needed to detect a dampenicular stimulant 50% of the time. 2. Accommodationthe process by which the affections lens of the eye transposes shape to focus n spike or far get a lines on the retina. 3. Acetylcholineneurotransmitter that modifys muscle action, acquisition and repositing. 4. Achievement Motivationdesire for accomplishment. 5. Achievement Testan exam designed to audition what a somebody has earned. 6. Acoustic Encoding encode of sound, especially words. 7. Acquisitionthe sign dress when unrivaled links a impersonal stimulus and an unconditivirtuosod stimulus. 8.Action Potentiala neuronal impulse a brief electrical tending that travels down an axon. 9. Activation Synthesis possible action that rapid eye movement calm triggers flighty pink slip that evokes stochastic images, which our sleep hit weaves into stories. 10. Adaptation Level Phenomenon proclivity to form judgements sexual intercourse to a neutral level outlined by our prior acknowledge. 11. Adrenal Glandsa pair of endocrine gland glands that sit simply above the kidneys and unloosen hormones that help aro expend the body in measure of stress. 12. Algorithma methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular task. 3. Alpha Wavesthe relatively slow brain waves of an awake, relaxed state. 14. Amnesia mischief of shop. 15. Amphetaminesdrugs that stimulate uneasy operation, causing speeded-up body functions and associated heartiness and body fluid changes. 16. Amygdala dickens lima bean-sizingd flighty clusters in the limbic divulgeline connect to emotion. 17. Aphasiaimpairment of language caused by left hemisphere ill-treat to Brocas atomic number 18a, impairing speaking, or Wernickes area, impairing understanding. 18. Applied Researchscientific instruct that aims to solve practical occupations 19. skill Testdesigned to predict a persons future performance. 20. Association Areasareas of the cerebra l mantle that are not pertain in primary or sensorial functions but in high genial functions. 21. Associative encyclopaedism encyclopaedism that certain events occur together. 22. Automatic Processingun certain encoding of incident teaching. 23. Autonomic Nervous Systemthe part of the peripheral offensive transcription that ensures the glands and the muscles of the internal variety meat. 24. handiness Heuristicestimating the likelihood of events based on their avail readiness in memory. 5. Axonthe extension of a neuron, terminal in branched terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles and glands. 26. B. F. Sk inwarda lead lookist rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior. 27. Babbling Stagebegins at 4 months phase of speech development in which infant spontaneously utters various sounds. 28. Barbituatesdrugs that depress the activity of the central nervous carcass,reducing anxietybut impairing memory and j udgement. 29. Basal Metabolic Ratebodys resting order of cogency expenditure. 30.Basic Researchpure science that aims to affix the scientific knowledge base 31. appearance Geneticsthe study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environ affable influences on behavior. 32. Behavioral Medicineintegrates behavioral and medical knowledge to apply to health and disease. 33. Behaviorismthe view that psychology should be an design science that studies behavior without reference to noetic process. 34. Belief Perseveranceclinging to ones initial conceptions afterward the bum has been discredited. 35. Binocular Cuesdepth cues such as retinal disparity that depend on using devil eyes. 36.Bio-Feedbackelectronically recording, amplifying and feeding back info regarding a subtle physiological state. 37. Biological psychologya branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior. 38. Biopsychosocial Approachan integrated approach that holds biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. 39. dodge Spotthe point at which the optic plaque leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no awareness organ prison cells are fixed in that location. 40. Bottom-Up Processinganalysis that starts with the sensorial receptors and works up to the brains integration of stunning information. 1. Brocas Areacontrols language expression area of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere. 42. Cannon-Baird possiblenessemotion arousing stimulus triggers physiological reaction and subjective experience of emotion. 43. Case Studyan observational proficiency in which one person id studied in depth in the hope of revealing normal principles. 44. Central Nervous Systemthe brain and spinal cord. 45. Cerebellumthe little brain at the lavatory of the brain stem processes sensory input and coordinates social movement output and balance. 46.Cerebral Cortexthe intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells c overing the cerebral hemis pheres the bodys ultimate control and information- treat center. 47. Change Blindnessfailing to attain changes in the environment 48. Charles Darwinargued that raw(a) selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies. 49. Chunkingorganizing items into familiar, manageable units a great deal occurs automatically. 50. Circadian Rhythmthe biological clock fixity bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour regular recurrence 51. Classical teachone learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate future events. 2. clinical Psychologya branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats psychological disorders. 53. Cochleaa coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger neural impulses. 54. Cochlear Implant wrench for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the audile memorial tablet through electrodes threaded through the cochlea. 55. CognitionMental activities associated with intellection, knowing, remembering and communicating . 56. Cognitive Mapmental playation of the layout of ones environment. 57.Cognitive Neurosciencethe interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition. 58. Cognitive Perspectivehow we encode, process, store, and get hold information. 59. Color Constancyperceiving familiar objects as having consistent color each if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. 60. Complementary Alternative Medicineunproven healthcare manipulations intended to supplement conventional medicine. 61. Conditioned rewarda stimulus that gains reinforcing power through its tie-up with the primary reinforcing stimulus. 62.Conditioned Responsethe learned response to a previously neutral stimulus. 63. Conditioned Stimulusan originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with US, triggers a response. 64. Conduction tryout Losshearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. 65. Conesretinal receptor cells that ar e cutd near the center of the retina and function in mean solar day of well-lit conditions. 66. Confirmation Biasa mark to search for information that backs ones own beliefs. 67. brainour awareness of ourselves and our environment. 68.Content boldnessextent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest, 69. Continuous Reinforcementreinforcing a desired response every time it occurs. 70. Control Groupthe group that is not exposed to the treatment in an experiment. 71. grapplealleviating stress using steamy, cognitive, or behavioral methods. 72. Corpus Callosumaxon fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. 73. Correlationa quantity of the extent to which two performers vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. 74. Correlation Coefficienta statistical index of the relationship between two affaires (from -1 to +1) 75.Counseling Psychologya branch of psychology that assists tidy sum with problems in living and in achieving greater w ell-being. 76. Critical Thinkingthinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. 77. Culturethe enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one culture to the next. 78. Delta Wavesthe large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. 79. Dendritethe bushy, branchy extensions of a neuron that make message and conduct impulses towards the cell body. 0. Dependent Variablethe outcome factor the variable that may change in response to the manipulation of the independent variable. 81. Depressantsdrugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. 82. deflexion Thresholdthe minimum difference between stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. 83. Discriminationlearned ability to distinguish between CS and stimuli that do not signal a US. 84. Dissociationa fail in spirit, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. 85.Dopamineneurotransmitter that influences movemen t, learning, attention and emotion. 86. Double-Blind Procedurean experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant as to whether the group has received a treatment or a placebo. 87. Drive-Reduction hypothesisphysiological need creates an aroused tension state, a drive, that motivates an existence to satisfy the need. 88. Dual Processingthe principle that information is simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks 89. Echoic storehousemomentary sensory memory of an auditory stimuli. 0. Ecstasy (MDMA)a synthetical stimulant and a mild hallucinogen. Produces Euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurans and to mood and cognition. 91. Edward Titchener pay back of structuralism. 92. Effortful Processingencoding that requires attention and conscious effort. 93. Electroencephalogram (EEG)an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface. 94. Emotionresponse of the whole organism involving psychological arousal, communicatory behavior and conscious experience. 95.Emotion-Focused CopingAttempting to alleviate stress by parrying or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs relating to ones stress. 96. Encodingthe processing of information into the memory system by extracting meaning. 97. endocrinal Systemthe bodys slow chemical communication system a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. 98. Endorphinsmorphine within natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to suffer control and to pleasure. 99. Environmentevery non-genetic influence. 100. ESPclaim that erudition can occur apart from sensory input. 101.Estrogenthe primary fe anthropoid sex hormone. 102. Evolutionary Psychologythe study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. 103. Experimenta research method in which an investigator manipulates one o f more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. 104. Experimental Groupthe group that is exposed to the treatment in an experiment. 105. Explicit Memorymemory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare stored in hippocampus. 106. Extinctiondiminishing of CR occurs in serious music conditions when US does not follow CS. 07. Extrinsic Motivationdesire to perform to receive rewards or avoid punishment. 108. Factor Analysisa statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items, called factors, on a test. 109. Feature Detectorsnerve cells in the brain that respond to particularised features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle or movement. 110. Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomena object to be helpful when already in a good mood. 111. Figure-Groundorganization of optic field into objects that stand out from their surroundings. 112. Fixationinability to see a problem from a natural perspective. 113.Fixed-Interval Schedule payoff muni ment that reinforces a response only after a specified amount of time has elapsed. 114. Fixed-Ratio Schedulereinforcement schedule that reinforces only after specified estimate of responses. 115. Flashbulb Memorya clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. 116. Flowa dischargely involved, focused state of consciousness resulting from optimal engagements of ones skills. 117. fmagnetic resonance imaginga technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity shows brain function. 118. Foveathe central focal point in the retina, or so which the eyes cones cluster. 19. Framingthe flair an issue is posed. 120. Fraternal Twins parallel who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no enveloping(prenominal) than a brother or sister. 121. Frequencythe number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a prone time. 122. Frequency surmisein hearing, the system that the rate of neural impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the f requency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch. 123. Freuds Wish-fulfillmenttheory that dreams provide a psychic safety valve for expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings. 124.Frontal Lobesportion of the cerebral cerebral mantle lying just behind the fore dubiousness involved in speaking, muscles movement, making plans and judgement. 125. Functional Fixednessthe tendency to think of things only in their usual function. 126. Functionalisma school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function how they enable us to adapt, survive and flourish. 127. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. 128. Gate-Control Theorytheory that spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass to the brain. 29. sex activity Identityour sense of being male or female. 130. Gender Rolea set of expectations for either males or females. 131. Gender Typingthe acquisition of a traditional male or female role. 132. superior general Adaptation SyndromeSelyes concept of bodys adaptive response to stress alarm, resistance, exhaustion. 133. General word agencygeneral intelligence factor, match to Spearman, underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test. 134. Generalizationtendency after response has been conditioned for similar stimuli to elicit similar responses. 135.Genomethe complete instructions for making an organism. 136. Gestaultorganized whole tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. 137. Glial Cellscells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons. 138. Glutamatea major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory. 139. Groupingperceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups based on proximity, similarity, continuity and connectedness. 140. Hallucinationsfalse sensory experiences. 141. Hallucinogensdrugs taht distort comprehension and evoke sensory images in the abse nce of sensory input. 142.Health Psychologysub-field of psychology provides psychologys contribution to behavioral medicine. 143. Heritabilitythe proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. 144. Heuristica simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make strategies and solve problems quickly. 145. Hierarchy of NeedsMazlows pyramid of valet needs begins with physiological needs which must be met forward higher goals can be attained. 146. Higher-Order Conditioningprocedure where conditioned stimulus in one experience is paired with a new, neutral stimulus, creating a new Conditioned Stimulus. 47. Hindsight Biasthe tendency to believe that, after learning the outcome, one would have foreseen it. 148. genus Hippocampusa neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage. 149. Homeostasistendency to maintain a state of balance. 150. Hormoneschemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine gland s. 151. Huethe proportionality of color that is determined by the wavelength of the light. 152. Humanistic Psychologyhistorically significant perspective that emphasized the return authority of healthy people and the individuals potential for personal growth. 53. Hypothalamusa neural coordinate lying below the thalamus it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system, and is linked to emotion and reward. 154. Hypothesisa testable prediction. 155. Iconic Memorya momentary sensory memory of a visual stimuli a photographic memory stand firming no more than a few tenths of a second. 156. Identical Twinstwins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, creating two genetically identical organisms. 157. Illusory correlationthe learning of a relationship where none exists. 158.Implicit Memoryretention independent of conscious recollection stored in cerebellum. 159. Inattentional Blindnessfailing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere 160. Incentivea supreme or negative environmental stimulus. 161. Independent Variablethe experimental factor which is directly manipulated. 162. Industrial organisational Psychologyusing psychological concepts to optimize behavior in work places. 163. Information Processingtheory that dreams help us sort out the days events and consolidate our memories. 164. Infradian Rhythmlong-term cycle per second greater than a day 65. Inner Earthe inner about part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs. 166. Insightsudden and novel realization of the solution to a problem. 167. Insomniarecurring problems in falling or staying asleep. 168. Instincta complex behavior rigidly patterned throughout the species and is inborn. 169. Intensitythe amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we can perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the waves amplitude. 170. fundamental interactionthe interplay that occurs when the effe ct of one factor depends on another. 171.Interneuronsneurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and the travel outputs. 172. Intrinsic Motivationdesire to perform for its own sake. 173. Intuitioneffortless, immediate feeling or thought. 174. fleur-de-lysa ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil rise. 175. James-Lange Theoryemotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. 176. Kinesthesissystem for sensing the position and movement of individual body movements. 77. Latent Contentaccording to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream. 178. Latent Learninglearning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. 179. Law of EffectThorndikes principle that behavior followed by favorable consequences live more likely and behaviors followed by negative consequences become less likely. 180 . Lensthe transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. 181. Lesiondestruction of the brain tissue. 182. Levels of Analysisthe differing complementary views for analyzing any iven phenomenon. 183. Limbic Systemneural system located below the cerebral hemispheres associated with emotions and drives. 184. Lingusitic DeterminismWhorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think. 185. Long-Term Memoryrelatively standing(prenominal) and limitless storehouse of the memory system. 186. Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)increase in synapse-s firing potential after quick stimulation the neural basis for learning and memory. 187. LSDa powerful hallucinogenic drug alsdo know as acid. 188. Lymphocytesthe two types of white blood cells that are part of the immune system. 189.Manifest Contentaccording to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream. 190. Meanthe arithmetic average of a distribution. 191. Medianthe middle grievance in a distribu tion. 192. Medullathe base of the brainstem controls heartbeat and breathing. 193. Mental Agemeasure of test performance devised by Binet chronological age that typically correlates with a given age. 194. Mental Settendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often one that has been successful. 195. Methamphetaminea powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system and appears to drop base dopamine levels over time. 96. Middle Earthe put up between the eardrum and the cochlea containing trinity tiny bones (hammer, anvil and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window. 197. Mirror Neuronsfrontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when performing another doing so this may enable imitation or empathy. 198. Misinformation Effectincorporating misleading information into ones memory. 199. Mnemonicsmemory aids. 200. Modethe almost frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution. 201. Modelingobservi ng and imitating a specific behavior. 202.Monocular Cuesdepth cues available to either eye alone. Includes relative height, relative size, interposition, linear perspective, light and shadow, and relative motion. 203. bodily fluid Congruent Memorytendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current mood. 204. Morphemethe smallest unit that carries meaning. 205. Motivationa need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. 206. Motor Cortexan area at the rear if the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements. 207. Motor Neuronsneurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands. 208.MRIa technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. 209. Mutationa random error in gene replication that leads to a change. 210. Myelin Sheatha layer of productive tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons enables vastly greater transmission speed. 211. Narcolepsya s leep disorder characterized by disobedient sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. 212. innate(p) Selectioninherited trait variations contributing to survival and reproduction will be passed on to deliver the goods generations. 13. Naturalistic Observationobserving and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation. 214. Nature-Nurture issuecontroversy over contributions of genes vs. experience 215. Near-death Experiencean altered state of consciousness describe after a close brush with death often similar to drug-induced hallucinations. 216. Negative Reinforcement change magnitude behaviors by stopping a negative stimuli. 217. Neo-Freudian Theorytheory that dreams can be used as a coping mechanism to deal with past events. 218.Nervesbundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs. 219. Nervous systemthe bodys speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. 220. Neurogenesisthe formation of new neurons. 221. Neurona nerve cell the base work uping block of he nervous system. 222. Neurotransmitterschemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. 223. Night Terrorsa sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. 24. Norepinephrineneurotransmitter that helps control avidity and arousal. 225. Normal Curvea symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data. 226. Observational Learninglearning by observing others. 227. Occipital Lobesportion of the cerebral cerebral mantle lying at the back of the head includes areas that receive information from the visual fields 228. One-Word Stagefrom age 1 to 2 when a tiddler speaks in single words. 229. Operant BehaviorBehavior that operates on the environment, producing conseque nces. 230.Operant Chambera chamber / Skinner Box containing a bar that an animal can manipulate to obtain water or food. 231. Operant Conditioningtype of learning in which behavior is strengthened followed by a reinforcer or diminished followed by a punisher. 232. Operational Definitiona statement of the procedures used to define research variables. 233. Opiatesopium and its derivatives, such as morphine and diacetylmorphine they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. 234. Opponent-Process Theorythe theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. 35. Optic Nervethe nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. 236. Organizational Psychologypart of IO Psychology examines psychological influences o worker satisfaction and productivity. 237. cocksurenesstendency to be more confident than correct. 238. Parallel Processingthe processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously. 239. Parapsycho logystudy of paranormal phenomena. 240. parasympathetic Nervous Systemthe division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. 241. Parathyroidshelp regulate the level of calcium in the blood 242.Parietal Lobesportion of the cerebral cerebral mantle lying at the top/rear of the head receives sensory input for touch and body position. 243. incomplete/Intermittent ReinforcementReinforcing a response only part of the time. 244. Perceptionthe process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. 245. Perceptual Adaptationin vision, the ability to adjust to an by artificial means displaced or inverted visual field. 246. Perceptual Setmental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. 247.Peripheral Nervous Systemthe sensory and locomote neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. 248. Personnel Psychologyfocuses on recruitment, selection and placement o f employees. 249. PET Scana visual boasting of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. 250. Phonemethe smallest distinctive sound unit. 251. Physical Dependencea physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued 252. Pitcha tones experient loftiness or lowness depends on frequency. 53. Pituitary Glandthe endocrine gland systems most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. 254. Place Theoryin hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated. 255. Placebo Effectexperimental results caused by expectation alone. 256. Plasticitythe brains ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage of by building new pathways based on experience 257. Polygraphlie detector machine measures responses to emotion. 58. Ponspart of the brainstem that helps coordinate movements. 259. Populationall the cases in a group being studied, from which samples can be drawn. 260. Positive Reinforcementincreasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli. 261. Post hypnotic Suggestiona suggestion, made during a hypnotic session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized. 262. Predictive Validitythe success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict. 263. Primary Reinforceran innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need. 264.Primingthe activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing ones perception, memory, or response. 265. Pro-Social Behaviorpositive, constructive behavior. 266. Proactive Interferencethe disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. 267. Problem-Focused Copingattempting to alleviate stress by changing the stressor or how we interact with that stressor. 268. Prototype a mental image or best example of a category. 269. Pshchological Dependencea psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions. 270.Psychiatrya branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders. 271. Psychoactive Druga chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods. 272. Psychodynamic Perspectivehow behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts 273. Psychologythe study of behavior and mental processes. 274. Psychoneuroeimmunologystudy of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes affect the immune system. 275. Psychophysicsthe study of relationships between the sensual characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them. 276.Psychophysiological Illnessmind-body illness any stress-related physical illness, including hypertension. 277. Pupilthe adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. 278. Random Assignmentassigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing pre-existing differences between the two groups. 279. Random Samplea sample that fair represents a given population. 280. RangeThe difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. 281. anamnesismeasure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier. 82. Recognitionmeasure of memory in which the person only identifies items previously learned. 283. Reflexa simple, autonomic response to a sensory stimulus. 284. Rehearsalconscious repetition of information, either for maintenance or encoding. 285. Reinforceran event that strengthens behavior. 286. proportional Deprivationperception that one is worse off relative to those you compare yourself to. 287. Relearninga measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. 288. Reliabilityextent to which a test yields consistent results. 89. REM Reboundthe tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation. 29 0. REM sleeprapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. 291. Replicationrepeating the essence of a research study to see whether the prefatorial findings extend to other participants and circumstances. 292. Representativeness Heuristicjudging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes. 293. Respondent Behavioroccurs as automatic response to some stimulus. 294.Reticular Formationa nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal. 295. Retinathe light-sensitive inner surface of the eye. 296. Retinal Disparitya binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing the images of the retinas from the two eyes. 297. Retrievalprocess of getting information out of storage. 298. Retroactive Interferencethe disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. 299. Reuptakea neurotransmitters reabsorption by the send neuron. 300. Rodsretinal receptors that detect black, white and gray. 301.Savant Syndromecondition in which a person is limited in mental ability but has exceptional specific skill. 302. Scatterplotsa graphed cluster of dots, the slope of which helps predict the attention of the relationship between the two variables. 303. Selective Attentionthe focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimuli 304. Semantic Encodingencoding of meaning. 305. Semanticsset of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words and sentences. 306. friendthe process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. 07. Sensorineural Hearing Losshearing loss caused by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or to the auditory nerves. overly called nerve deafness. 308. sensory Adaptationdiminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. 309. Sensory Cortexarea at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. 310. Sensory Interactionprinciple that one sense may influence another smell of food influences its taste. 311. Sensory Memoryimmediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory. 12. Sensory Neuronsneurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord. 313. Serial Position Effectthe tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. 314. Serotoninneurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. 315. Set Pointthe point where someones weight thermostat. 316. Shapingan operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior snuggled and closer to the desired behavior. 317. Short-Term Memoryactivated memory that holds a few items briefly. 318.Sigmund FreudAustrian neurologists who founded psychoanalysis. 319. Signal undercover work Theorya theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background noise. Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a persons experience, expectations, motivation and level of fatigue. 320. Sleep Apneaa sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings. 321. Social Leadershipgroup oriented leadership that builds teamwork and offers support. 322.Social Learning Theorythe theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished. 323. Social-cultural Perspectivehow behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures 324. Somatic Nervous Systemthe division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the bodys skeletal muscles. 325. Source Amnesiaattributing the wrong source to an event we have experienced at the heart of many false memories. 326. Spacing Effecttendency for distributed study or entrust to yield better retention that massed study or practice. 327.Split Braina condition resulting from operating theatre that isolates the brains two hemisphe res by cutting the fibers connecting them. 328. Spontaneous RecoveryReappearance after a pause of an extinguished CR. 329. Standard Deviationa computed measure of how much the scores vary around the mean score. 330. Stanford-Binetwidely used American revision of Binets original intelligence test. 331. Statistical meaninga statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. 332. Stereotype Threatself-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotypes. 333.Stimulantsdrugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. 334. Storageretention of encoded information. 335. Stresshow we perceive and respond to stressors that we appraise as threatening or challenging. 336. Structuralisman early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind. 337. merged Interviewsasking the same questions of all applicants and rating on the standard scale. 338. Subjective Well-Beingself-pe rceived happiness or satisfaction with life. 339. Subliminalbelow ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness. 340.Surveya technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes of behaviors of a group. 341. Sympathetic Nervous Systemthe division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. 342. Synapsethe junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. 343. Syntaxrules for combining words into sensible sentences. 344. Task Leadershipgoal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes leadership and focuses on goals. 345. Telegraphic Speechearly speech stage where child speaks like a telegram uses nouns and verbs. 46. Temporal Lobesportion of the cerebral cortex lying above the ears receives auditory information 347. Testosteronethe most important of male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growt h of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty. 348. Thalamusthe brains sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem. 349. THCthe major active ingredient in marijuana triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations. 350.Theoryan explanation that organizes behavior and predicts future outcomes. 351. Thresholdthe level of stimulation obligatory to trigger a neural impulse. 352. Thyroid Glandaffects metabolism, among other things 353. Tolerancethe diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses of the drug before experiencing the drugs effects. 354. Top-Down Processinginformation processing guided by higher level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations. 55. Transductionconversion of one form of energy into another. 356. Two_Word Stage germ at age 2 child speaks in 2 word statements. 357. Two-Factor Theorycalled Schachter-Singer Theory to experience emotion, one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal. 358. typewrite Acompetitive, hard-driving, impatient. 359. Type Beasy-going, relaxed people. 360. Ultradian Rhythmshort-term cycle less than a day 361. Unconditioned Responsethe unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus. 362.Unconditioned Stimulusa stimulus that unconditionally triggers a response. 363. Validityextent to which a test measures what its supposed to measure. 364. Variable-Interval Schedulereinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after random number of responses. 365. Variable-Ratio Schedulereinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses. 366. Vestibular Sensesense of body movement and position including balance. 367. Visual Clifflab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals. 368.Visual Encodingencoding of picture images. 369. Watso n and Rayner renowned for their Little Albert experiment. 370. Wavelengththe distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. 371. webers Lawthe principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage. 372. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scalemost widely used intelligence test contains verbal and non-verbal sub-tests. 373. Wernickes Areacontrols language reception a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression in left temporal lobe. 74. Wilhelm Wundtknown as father of experimental psychology established the first psychology laboratory. 375. Withdrawalthe discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. 376. Working Memorya newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory. 377. X-Chromosomethe sex chromosome found in both men and w omen. 378. Y-Chromosomethe sex chromosome found only in men. 379.Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theorythe theory that the retina contains three different color receptors red, green and blue. absolute threshold The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time. 2. accommodation The process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. 3. accommodations Adapting ones current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. 4. acetylcholine A neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers muscle contraction. 5. acoustic encoding The encoding of sounds, especially the sound of words. . acquisition The initial stage in classical conditioning the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response. 7. action potential A neural impulse a brief electrical ch arge that travels down an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of transmit in the axons membrane. 8. activation synthesis hypothesis Theory to describe dreaming that explains dreaming as being random neural activity hat the brain tries to make sense of. 9. acuity The Sharpness of vision. 10. addictionsdependency to drugs comes about from potentially one use of the substance were the body can build up dependence to the substance. 11. adolescence The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence. 12. adrenal glands A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (nonadrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress. 13. ll or nothing law Increasing the stimulus above the threshold will not increase the action potential intensity. The neurons action is an all or nothing response it either will fi re or it will not. The strength of the stimulus does not effect action potentials speed. 14. alpha waves The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. 15. alzheimers disease A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally physical functioning. 16. blackout The loss of memory 17. mygdala Two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion. 18. assimilation Interpreting ones new experience in terms of ones existing schemas. 19. association areas Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. 20. associative learning Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning). 1. attachme nt An emotional tie with another person shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. 22. audition The sense of hearing 23. automatic nervous system The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses its parasympathetic division calms. 24. automatic processing Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings. 25. xon The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands. 26. barbiturates Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement. 27. basiler membranewithin the cochlea of the inner ear is a soused structural element that separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani. 28. behavioral genetics The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. 29.Behavioral Psychologya branch of psychology that focuses on how we learn from observable responses. An individuals response to different environment stimuli shapes our behaviors. 30. BehaviorismThe view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree that psychology should be an objective science but do not think that it should be without reference to mental processes. 31. behaviouristic psychology The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes.For example, intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. 193. opiates Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin they depress neural activity, tem porarily lessening pain and anxiety. 194. opponent-process theory The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green 195. optic nerve The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. 96. parallel processing The processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving. 197. parallel processing The processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscience problem solving. 198.Parasympathetic nervous system The division of the autonomic ne rvous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. 199. parietal lobes The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear includes the sensory cortex. 200. Peripheral nervous system The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body. 201. PET A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. 202. Phenotype An organisms physical characteristics is its phenotype.