Corporate finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Corporate finance - Assignment manakinMiller & Modigliani capital structure irrelevance proposition In the year 1958 Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller highlighted that in perfective aspect capital markets the capital structure does not have any influence on the value of the securely rendering it irrelevant. The perfect capital markets are not characterised by any market frictions like job costs, taxes and the information is easily transmitted between the investors and the managers. M&M made a clear character between the financial put on the line and business risk faced by a firm. While the financial risk refers to the choice of risk distribution between the bondholders and shareholders, the business risk refers to the uncertainty of cash flows of the business. It has been pointed away by Miller and Modigliani that changes in leverage does not cast any significant influence on the cash flows generated by the business. Therefore changes in leverage cannot alter the value of th e firm. ... The firms as well as individuals can borrow or lend at the risk-free interest rate. The firms employ risky impartiality and risk-free debt. There exist only corporate taxes i.e. absence of personal income taxes or wealth taxes. They mistaken perpetuity of cash flows i.e. assuming the growth rate to be zero (Lee, et al., 2009, p.202). As per M&M model the value of levered firm (VL) is equal to the value of unlevered firm (VU). Suppose there are deuce companies- Company 1 and Company2. It is assumed that the deuce companies have identical cash flows and belong to same risk profile. The difference between the two companies is with respect to financing. M&M fix that the market value of the two companies is same. Suppose the pay-off of Company 1 in good state is one hundred sixty and in bad state is 50. This company is financed only by the equity mode of financing. Similarly the payoff of Company 2 is 160 in good state and 50 in bad state. It is financed by the combinatio n of debt and equity. Suppose the get debt of Company 2 is $60 and its market value is $50 the market value of its equity is $50. thus the value of the Company 2 is- VL = Value of its equity + Value of debt = 50+50 =100 instanter if the value of Company 1 is different from Company 2 say 103. Then an arbitrage strategy can be created- An investor can sell Company 1 at 103. He can procure the equity of Company 2 at $50 and debt at $50. The net cash flow is- = 103-100 =3 This process will continue until the Value of Company 1 is equal to Company 2 (Banal-Estanol , 2010). The annex in leverage component raises the risk and return of the shareholders. This can be stated as- RE = RO + (B/S)(RO RD) RE is the return on levered equity RO is return on unlevered equity B is the debt value S is the

Sexual Revolution in America Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

versed Revolution in America - Research Proposal ExampleThe feminists ever asserted that single women too had the same inner needs and should be allowed the freedom to indulge in it freely. It basically meant female internal empowerment and the causes were the changing educational and occupational status of women, infidelity and divorce, the wearing of shame and awe in sexual matters, the liberalization of the media, sex education in schools and increasing heel of divorced parents (cited by Judge, 1997). According to GLBTQ (2004) the sexual revolution was caused due to three factors that culminated at one point. These hold the contribution of the Freudian theories by Wilheim Reich along with empirical sex research by Kinsey the empowerment of the media which include the pornographers and the writers and thirdly the counter culture movement, the womens lib movement and the gay and lesbian movements.The cultural revolution of the mid-sixties and the 1970s was recognized by the m ass media almost immediately. Sexual encounters between unmarried adults were common. Since people were getting married at a late age, young men and women had more(prenominal) time to encounter sexual experiences with partners before staring a monogamous relationship.With the Kinsey report in 1948 a new awareness of world sexuality started to spread in America (Hippy, 1997). It opened peoples mind towards the diversity of sexual behavior. This study revealed even at that time that about 10% of the people were gay. This encouraged many more to see homosexuality in a new perspective. It also revealed that nearly everyone masturbates. Discussions on once veto topics like vaginal orgasm become common after the publication of the study of Human Sexual Response by Masters & Johnson in 1950s. Social change was evidenced by the frequent insaneness in Viagra, increasing number of sexual harassment suits, abortion, Aids research, and rising divorce statistics (Shere, 1999). Technology co ntributed to the

Marketing planning sos analysis for tesco Essay

Marketing supply sos analysis for tesco - Essay ExampleMarketing has grown by leaps and bounds today. It is a creative intentness that has expanded down to various genres such as advertising, distribution and selling. Customer base is figured out, their necessitate and aspirations realized and the relevant product developed accordingly. In todays international arena, Marketing is an in-chief(postnominal) tool since it contributes greatly to the conquest of the business and its products. Productivity and sales are largely dependent on companies grocery storeing strategies. On the other hand, engineering is also an important aspect as it allows innovation in an organization which aims to bring positive change to boost customer or producer value. Most often, innovation is conducted as a private activity within an organization in a series of narrowly managed steps. Keeping in mind the importance of marketing and innovation, companies must understand their product to be sufficien t to market them. According to Bill Campbell in an interview, only engineers chicane the information that they should get and deliver approximately the product they have produced and only effectively communicating that information to the customers would yield desired results. Now, this effective dialogue is done by our super-creative marketers. Therefore, it is important that marketers and engineers recreate hand in hand to effectively deliver what customers want. Marketers know their customers and their goal is to create customer value whereas engineers know their product and their goal is to create producer value. Therefore, when marketers and engineers work together, they yield advanced(a) products that are customer-oriented. In an investigation, it was found that those firms are more prosperous at innovative product development in which the employees are well equipped with the required skills to strategize marketing as a whole. Recently, a product-development process calle d Quality Function Deployment (QFD) has been adopted by U.S. and Japanese firms who promotes communication within the amount of money team up (marketing, engineering and manufacturing) and changes communication patterns from top-to-bottom management to focus more on horizontal routes where core team members communicate directly with each other and come up with better results. One of the greatest examples of integrate innovation with marketing is of Apple Inc., a multinational corporation which is ranked as the worlds most innovative company and who markets its designs and products as the customers need. Tesco is one of UKs most successful super markets today. Its total market share stands at 38% and it continues to ride high. It is speculated to become the biggest super market chain of UK very soon. It is currently at number 8 amongst the top 10 grocery retailers of the world. Tesco is cognise for its huge variety of goods ranging across the board from groceries to fresh food to clothes to compact discs. Its success has been a result of numerous factors. It is claimed that its leading edge in areas like price, customer service, distribution, ecommerce, loyalty cards and own label products have been key to its phenomenal success. Their deputy Chairman, Mr David Reid, asserts that Tesco focuses on customer needs and delves a lot of time in understanding the customer needs and wants before translating them into plans aimed at adding value for the

Corporate Finance Nautilus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate finance Nautilus - Research Paper ExampleThe appropriate discount rate is 6.04%, which is the weighted average personify of capital. The present value of the firm with this discount factor and the predicted cash flows is $12,885,000. Introduction Nautilus Inc. is a Consumer fittingness Products Company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Vancouver, Washington. The company was incorporated in 1993 in the state of Washington. The company targets individuals and enthusiasts who hankering to enjoy the benefits of regular exercise and thereby improve their health. The company sells its products through two channels designate and retail. The main objective of corporate finance is to maximize the value of shareholders by making proper enthronement and financing decisions. This paper examines the extent to which Nautilus has been successful in meeting this objective, and whether the stocks of the company represent a safe and worthwhile investment. Observations In order to ev aluate the performance and financial status of the company, some of the central financial ratios, trends and market information were collected and analyzed. Some of the important financial figures for a period of fivesome days between 2007 and 2011 are shown in Appendix-1. Relevant ratios have been calculated and are shown in Appendix-2. gross gross sales The growth in sales for the year ended December 31, 2011 was 7.1% over the figures of 2010. However, for the three preceding years the growth has been negative. The trend has been good, and in each year the negative growth has been reduced, and the growth rate has change state positive in 2011. The company operates in two parts, namely direct sales and retail sales. The segment wise sales figures for the years 2010 and 2011 are shown in Table-1. It can be seen that direct sales constituted almost 60% of the total sales, while retail sales made up the remaining 40%. A small portion of the total income has come from royalty. A look at the distri scarceion of the sales shows that cardio products accounted for the major portion of the sales accounting for 42% of the direct sales in 2011 and 32% in 2010. Overall, cardio products accounted for 66.35% in 2011. Cardio products have also shown a healthy growth in direct sales but a small decline in retail sales. Strength products accounted for 31.02% in 2011. Percentage of Total yr Ended December 31, 2011 2010 Change % Change 2011 2010 impart exonerate sales Cardio products (1) $75,982 $54,409 $21,573 39.60% 42.12% 32.30% Strength products (2) 31,079 42,259 -11,180 -26.50% 17.23% 25.09% Total Direct net sales 107,061 96,668 10,393 10.80% 59.34% 57.39% Retail net sales Cardio products (1) 43,718 43,628 90 0.20% 24.23% 25.90% Strength products (2) 24,873 24,161 712 2.90% 13.79% 14.34% Total Retail net sales 68,591 67,789 802 1.20% 38.02% 40.24% Royalty income 4,760 3,993 767 19.20% 2.64% 2.37% Total net sales $180,412 $168,450 $11,962 7.10% 100.00% 100.00% Ta ble-1 Distribution and Growth of Sales1 Equity Growth and lucrativeness Equity investors are concerned primarily with the return on their investment and the growth of their wealth. Various profitability ratios and equity growth are showninTable-2 Profitability 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Return on

John Stuart Mill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Stuart footle - Essay ExampleJohn Stuart Mill was educated by his father, James Mill, who was cold and dictated. From then Mill understood the undergrounds of liberty and saw the mistakes from his fathers rigid system of education Mill recognized , in later life, that his fathers system had the fault of appealing to the instinct save and that the culture of his practical and emotional life had been neglected.(John Stuart Mill, Life and writings)John Stuart Mill, in his establish On liberty, mentioned liberty and the relationships between freedom and state. The goal of state is to build a mixer system that respects and defends hu gentlemans gentleman rights and liberties. State can interfere against any individual, if he harms the other ones interests.1This is the only case when Mill accepts the intervention of the state. There be cases when state rejects the individuals opinion .But that does not mean the signal of view is wrong or false. Neither the belief of state, nor the individual s opinion are totally false, they king contain a certain truth, so they must not be rejected. If this happens, the decision of the state becomes preconceived opinion and effects the mans liberty.Mill saw human being as an individual free to think, to speak , to feel. These rights are unquestionable on all the subjects ()his independence is, of right, absolute. Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign (qtd. John Stuart Mill Essay on liberty, p.13)In thi In this relation, man-state, the latter can impose unlimited control, involvement that cannot be acceptable. For Mill, education is primordial and it makes the differences between multitude , so the freedom of speech , of thinking is the around important. Mill speaks about the authoritarianism of the majority when the state wants to have the unlimited control, to entice the majority ()There is a limit to the legitimate interference of collective opinion withindividual independence , and to find that limit, and maintain it againstencroachment, is as critical to a good condition of human affairs asprotection against political despotism.(qtd. John Stuart Mills Essay on liberty)The tyranny of the majority often appears in bureaucratic countries. In the case of antiauthoritarian countries the things go not so bad, because many individuals know and understand the importance of the liberty in all its aspects. Also, in the case of democratic countries and of developed ones, educated people are more and cannot be ruled by a man or a group. So, the danger of tyranny of majority is less. Liberty of speech , sustained by Mill, is so a very important right. In some periods the human being was restrained by people who wanted to had the supreme control(a kind of tyranny of the society). For example, the slavery, in the South of America, reserved man from various freedoms the animal(prenominal) one, the conscience liberty, and maybe the most important one, the freedom of s peech. The slaves were revolted mainly because they were treated like animals, they hadnt the right to write, to pick up or to express their feelings and desires. We can extend here, seeing in these liberties the differences

Financial Statement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Statement Analysis - Essay ExampleBurberry on the new(prenominal) hand experienced fluctuating growth in gross revenue. In 2011 it has a growth rate of 17.30%, which increase to 23.71 in 2012. However, it reduced to 7.62% in 2013. In 2014, it increased to 16.57%. Generally, Burberry had a positive growth in sales even though it fluctuates. During each year, it had a higher growth in sales than the industry average, implying that it has a higher performance than other(a) firms in the industry. Burberry had a relatively stable growth in sales. mulberry had a sharp reduction in sales. For instance from 68.84% in 2011 to 38.47% in 2012 and to -1.97% in 2013. In 2014, mulberry tree experienced a slight increase in growth in sales while Burberry had a higher increase in sales growth.Mulberry had a higher growth in sales in 2011 and 2012 than both(prenominal) the industry and Burberry. In the last two years it had the lowest growth. Burberry had the highest growth in sales in 2013 and 2014 than industry average and Mulberry.Operating activities are the main activities of an entity because they reflect the underlying health of the company. Operating assets helps the ordinary activities of the company. Net operate assets are the difference between operating current assets and operating current liabilities.Burberrys growth in NOA increased in 2012 from 19.12% in 2011 to 54.94%. In 2013 it decreased to 34.14%. It tho decreased to 28.12% in 2014. In general, growth in NOA showed a downward trend for the company. In the eccentric of Mulberry, it increased tremendously from 25.84% in 2011 to 151.68% in 2012. In 2013 it decreased to 101.51% while in 2014 it reduced to 44.53%. Although it had a reduction in growth in NOA, Mulberry had a higher growth in NOA than both industry average and Burberry. This implies that the companys operating activities are more efficient than Burberrys and other firms in the industry. Burberry, on the other hand, had a higher gr owth in NOA than

Wal-Mart. Workplace report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Wal-Mart. Workplace report - Essay instanceThe company encouraged through its business policies the consumers to save money and also lead an enhanced lifestyle. In the current era, Wal-Mart has enhanced its customer servicing initiatives through the incorporation of applications via mediums like websites and mobile phones. These activities contributed to the development of concepts related to online shopping. The company functions internationally through its branches spread over 27 countries under different retail formats. strategic leadership, innovation and commitment to the stakeholders ar some of the right keywords that can be stiffly related to Wal-Mart operating(a) in the international retail paradigm (Our Store). The organisational structure of the company available in the adjunct shows that it has a hybrid form and operates found on the creation of specialised units that take cargon of corresponding and related operations based on a global scale. In each department, sp ecific heads are deputed that take care of the legal, merchandising, sourcing, and electronic and web commerce and also financial and corporate affairs of Wal-Mart. Pertaining to the regions, effective decentralisation is practiced by creating heads and deputy heads for international regions relating to Asia and European countries (Walmart). Analysis of the Management of Wal-Mart The analysis of the perplexity of Wal-Mart will be done based on the different management models related to decision-making and team expression activities. Decision-Making Models The Rational Model The Rational Model related to decision-making functions rests on four main go identify as follows. Firstly, the implementation of the model starts from identifying a potential line of work secondly, the model endeavours to generate effective solutions to the problem identified thirdly and fourthly, the model probes to select a solution from the list of generated ones and tends to evaluate its feasibility in m eeting desired ends respectively. Thus, the Rational Model is based on a series of logical steps that aim at finding an optimal solution to the problem identified. The Rational Model is also based on some assumptions according to which the manager takes decisions in a well informed environment (Kreitner and Knicki 337). Simons Normative Model The Normative Model, as rendered by Herbert Simon, stands in contrast with the Rational Model and tends to operate in an environment of uncertainty. This model, being non-rational in nature, tends to follow assumptions according to which the manager is does not work in an informative work environment. Further, Simons Normative Model also reflects that decision-making activities of managers are largely bounded by a set of constraints generated from the personal and work atmosphere levels of the individual. These constraints, generated from the personal and work atmospheres of the individuals, create hindrances for the manager in retrieving the r ight amount of information for optimal decision-making functions. The manager, owing to the inability to identify and evaluate different pick solutions to the problem, happens to take resort to the satisficing approach that appears to be good enough in the light of the problem identified. through with(predicate) the process of satisficing, the solutions that are satisfactory enough are gained, in contrast to being optimal in addressing the problem (Kreitner and Knicki 340). The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a decision-making process where decisions are gained from involvement of people in groups rather than acting in an individual manner to come up with solutions. In this process, firstly, a group is convened in an organisational set up so that the problem is aptly discussed mingled with the people in the group constructed.

Accounting for Leaders- Kitchen Utensils Limited Essay

Accounting for Leaders- Kitchen Utensils Limited - Essay ExampleKitchen Utensils LTD faces a number of problems. First, the company is unable to recruit and maintain educated and quality employees. The business has in addition failed to stop a desirable working environment to soften right skill set (Catanach & Feldmann, 54). This is so because the gross sales staff that the company has in hand lacks basic accounting skills. Secondly, there is a lack of priggish training programs for the employees (Harvard Business School, 98). The management solitary(prenominal) trains their employees when the need arise. From the case, it is evident that the management is reactive rather than organism proactive. The seminar has only been organized as a result of declining sales volume.Thirdly, there is a lack of strait-laced communication of objective (Brocke & Rosemann, 129). The management has failed to formulate a greenness goal for the different departments. The three-day conference is o nly organized when Paul discovered that the sales personnel cannot translate sales into profit. They are, therefore, not able to jibe accounting profit. Another problem that the company faces is a lack of agreement. Instead of coming to a common conclusion, the lecture only caused consternation among the sales personnel. The sales personnel, in fact, felt frustrated after the lecture.The spare-time activity strategies should be adopted by the company to address the above challenges. The company needs to provide their employees with a workplace where they feel supported and valued in order to attract decent candidates (Vandenbosch, 48). The management should develop an effective employee selection method in order to be able to find talented individuals with the needful set of skills for the business. This will not only increase the performance of the company but will also reduce the training costs. Employee selection tools such as structured interviews, General Mental Ability and Situational intellect Tests have been

Discuss how job redesign can improve organisational performance Essay

Discuss how railway line design can improve organisational performance - Essay ExampleThis paper sheds light on how contemplate-redesign improves the overall organizational performance, by enlisting a myriad of advantages that are linked with job redesign. 2. Job Redesign and organizational Performance 2.1. Employee Motivation The basic objective behind job redesign is to motivate the employee so that he is willing to perform better and produce greater results than before (Zhang & Bartol 2010). Employee motivation brings about increased worker productivity because it guarantees high quality worker job experience. Smith (1994) discusses the reason why employee motivation is at all necessary, and comes up with the answer that organizations need to implement motivational strategies through job redesign to chink their survival in the market, because when employees are motivated, they perform better. Lindner (1998), in his research about what motivates employees, found that job red esign includes motivating factors such as interesting work, good wages, appreciation, encouragement, job security, healthy workplace environment, promotions, participation in decision-making, and sympathy shown from the supervisors on personal problems. 2.2. Employee Empowerment Job redesign empowers employees, which leads to a boost in employees morale, job persistence, productivity, and organizational performance and, the absence of these factors can destroy the whole organization (Kuo et al. 2010). Gitman and McDaniel (2007323) have called this investing in people which includes four trends called employee education and training, employee ownership, work-life benefits, and nurturing knowledge workers. Bilton (200771) suggests that job redesign must empower the first-line entrepreneurs instead of exacting them, and that it should give greater autonomy and flexibility to the employee, as there are commercial reasons for it like effect of business goals. 2.3. Job Satisfaction Tell a, Ayeni and Popoola (2007, par.15) define job satisfaction as a comfortable ruling that results from employees perception of how well their job provides those things that are viewed as important. The most precious asset that a company may cherish is its employees, and it needs to be seriously concerned with all issues that may dissatisfy, span or depress them. Without happy employees, no strategy is going to work, and no progress will be seen in the long run. After job redesigning, employees work harder because they have enough motivation to learn and exceed (Tims & Bakker 2010). They help their employers to increase productivity and achieve customer satisfaction. Tietjen and Myers (1998) state that organizational support through job redesign guarantees improved turnover behavior among employees, because they want to stick to their jobs when they find that their employers are there to nurse their strengths and eliminate their weaknesses through proper training. This creates a t rustworthy relationship between employees and employers, which also results in cut back workplace conflicts and enhanced organizational performance. Today, employers are spending thousands of compensation dollars to devise and implement benefit plans,

How the neo-liberals ideas has influenced the world order Essay

How the modern-liberals ideas has influenced the world order - Essay ExampleSince the advent of the cease of the Cold War, it is experienced that the ideas of the neo-liberalists has widely taken place. Hence, the contemporary subjects economy have imbibed the culture of put down mete out, unaffixed economy entry and exist of wear down and the opening of their state economy to the international market for busy competition. This scenario of the international order, with the aid of modern improvement in the world technological base, has resulted in the expansion and the integration of globalization. The stand of socialism has given way to capitalist society, where the rule of bell is a cogent hurl that determines the market situation. Hence, governments through the policy of privatization and commercialization , deregulation of their states economies have given up several state corporations to the private individuals and private bodies thus, bringing to the fore front the pha sing out of the collective and communist doctrines.The enshrinement of the neo lib al doctrines in the world order would not have gain its immense success if international organizations such(prenominal) as UN, World Bank, IMF, WTO , have not backed up and imbibe the culture and ideas of free trade and the globalization of the world economy.This write- up tends to discuss the ways in which Neo- liberalism has influenced the world order.IDEAS OF THE NEO- LIBRALSThe neo-liberals based their ideas on the neo- definitive economists doctrines, which is an extension of the classical economists ideology.The neoclassical economists contend that slow or negative growth results from poor imaginativeness allocation from non market prices and excessive Third World state intervention. Hence, the argument that promote competitive free market, privatization of public enterprises, supporting export and free international trade, liberalizing trade and exchange rates, allowing exchange rates to ma ke headway a market- clearing rate, removing barriers to foreign enthronisation, rewarding domestic savings, reducing government spending and monetary expansion, and removing regulations and price distortions in financial, re source and commodity markets, would spur make upd efficiency and economy growth was upheld. (Dibie, 200018) agree to Albo (1996), Neo-liberals have fostered the movement to freer trade and deregulation of labour markets, arguing that overcoming the constraint of limited markets is the means to increase growth, remedy trade imbalances, and lower unemployment. The state needs to be forced to comply with the laws of the market.It is seen that the socialist and communists ideas of government control of the means of production is greatly opposed in all its ramifications by the neo liberalists, Hence a capitalist structure that support free trade and free movement of labour is supported. The neo-liberals ideas atomic number 18 summed up in what is widely k immedi atelyn as globalization. Globalization can be briefly defined as the intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural relations across borders (Holm & Sorensen, 19954). A key characteristic of the globalization is that the actors obscure are not only states but non- state actors, particularly multinational or trans- national corporations. It is now the case that more than half of the top economies in the world are corporations not states, and international investment is increasingly private (OHCHR, 2005).Many international trade theorists, such as Gottfried Haberler, Jacob Viner, Alex Cairncross and Peter Baur, have grow and reinforced the classical and neoclassical views. These scholars share the neoclassical belief that trade can promote the growths that are favourable to the other sectors. (Dibie, 200015). To Haberler (1968), the emphasized international trade has several indirect and dynamic benefits, apart from quiet gains to the trading countries. One of the be nefits is the introduction of new technologies in less developed countries.

Clarifying Your Values Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clarifying Your Values - Assignment Example ethical conflict arose when important values of the company were to be considered in solving the Pinto fire cases. cover, as a business, aims to achieve profits in all their activities. Thus, their values of being honest to their customers and ensuring success began to conflict. It would be serious to come up with a cost-benefit decision, which would be advantageuos to both the company and buyers of the Ford Pinto vehicle.The main affected parties were users of the Ford Pinto vehicles. Many of them were grieved with loss of life, yet other emerged unscathed, but still their lives had been at risk. In many cases, their vehicles were done for(p) as a result of the accidents. Moreover, other individulas were also affected by the accidents. This includes grieved families and the parties involved during an accident.The alternative courses of effect were not encouraging to the company. This is because the price of the Pinto had to increase as Ford tried to improve the safety of their vehicles. This resulted in loss of market as their competitors, with cheaper vehicles attracted more customers. The safety incentives would also lead to loss of trunk home within the vehicle, making it less competitive within the market. Moreover, the cost of prodcution would increase as the company has to progress to new facilities to be used in improving their vehicles.A company is obligated to ensure that its products and operate are safe for use by their consumers. Customer retention should be considered as this is facilitated by doing what is expect by the company (Berg, 2012). In the case of Ford, they did not improve the safety of their Pinto vehicle, risking the likes of its users. Thus, they have not met their obligations to their customers.I have various community standards that guide me as a person of integrity. Harmony is one of them. It is a basic standard, which ensures that the various members of the community can interact peacefully. It acts as

Application of Technology in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Application of Technology in didactics - Essay ExampleHowever, despite the benefits of education in our daily lives, there have been numerous discussions regarding the historical impact of engineering science such(prenominal) as use of computers, laptops, smartphone and other devices that have replaced the conventional classroom environment, and whether such technological investments in classrooms result in more informed and educated students compared to conventional teaching. Therefore, despite technology having enhanced our abilities and transformed performance in most sectors, continued use of technology in classrooms has resulted in poor quality of education and beats the real fondness of education.Quality education has to enhance familiarity and understanding among students. However, the sue of computers requires that students do not synthesize the basics, but only apply already do applications to stimulate results, oblivious of the implication the results obtained, or th e principle behind such formula used to obtain results. Devine (1999) asserts that a good education will mainly focus on laying the necessary radical for knowledge and skills in the early stages of education, which would promote the much needed knowledge and understanding among students as the essence of education. Computers deny students to observe the al-Qaida principles of concepts, but will only allow the student to apply an already synthesized principle, which they do not understand. This denies them knowledge. It makes it hard to have other Bill Gates, or Michael Dells who used the basic foundation of principles to come up with great inventions.Technology will in most cases affect students ability and participation. The ability and strengths of an individual are well identified when they are involved in original processes, where ingenuity and creativity have to be applied in any field. Therefore, as Devine (1999) argues students have to learn how to look for materials in o rder to showcase their abilities in different

MKTG 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

MKTG 3000 - Essay Examplechanging consumer behaviour highlights that nigh 65-70% of consumers fall within the category of multichannel shoppers and increasingly has the highest purchasing power (Weinberg et al, 2007). As a result, Weinberg et al pay back that it is critical that organisations effectively employ a multichannel marketing approach, as consumers in B2C contexts now expect it (Weinberg et al, 2007, p.385). It is evident that retailers are now moving away from the conventional economics based approach to consider the get ahead of integrating effective customer kinship management (CRM) into art strategy to create comfort for its customersFor example, Vollmer and Precourt conclude that the underlying basis for marketing is rooted in economic principles of exchanging goods for value (2008). It is precisely this concept of value that has been at the heart of marketing strategy in persuading consumers to exchange value for goods in conventional business strategy. Howeve r, as the business models continue to evolve in line with changing consumer habits and retail channels, Vargo and Lusch point to the circumstance that economical basis for traditional marketing strategy has been forced to adapt to remain relevant (2004). very(prenominal) nature of network organisation..and the potential impact on the organisation of consumption all bespeak that a paradigm shift for marketing may not be far over the thought(in Vargo and Lusch, 2004).They highlight the point that retailers have been forced to move away from the focus on tangible goods in light of the increasing consumer value attached to intangibles, thereby underpinning the paradigm shift in providing value in marketing. A significant part of this has been the move away from the economic model to the recognition of marketing as a social and economic process (Vargo and Lusch, 2004). In evaluating this paradigm shift, Gronroos refers to the fact that customer relationship economics presses the need f or

Final scenerio analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final scenerio analysis - Essay ExampleBased on the world-wide Enterprise, we coin an analysis of the case facts and ethical issues concerning the enterprises operations (Nakmwil, 2012). In addition, we also take into account the ethical alternatives and recommendations the business has at their disposal in order to survive the legal accusations they pose (Nakmwil, 2012). Case facts spheric enterprise international (GEI) is a military contractor charged with the responsibility of manufacturing preventative body armor, ammunition equipments and fit vehicles that are all useful during military operations (Nakmwil, 2012). The telephoner has utilize 140 workers who are all highly paid union technicians, mechanics, union members and Armor workers (Nakmwil, 2012). For the join States military, globular Enterprise International manufactures body flask jackets, night vision riflescopes and armored tank vehicles (Nakmwil, 2012). Contrary to the recite out international laws and tr eaties, Global Enterprise International also participates in the manufacturing of land mine explosives (Nakmwil, 2012). The play alongs best customers for the illegal land mines products are Afghanistan and Iran (Nakmwil, 2012). Based on these sales, more than half the go withs profits come from these stealthy operations (Nakmwil, 2012). ... For instance, the flak jackets do not effectively nurture military soldiers as required from personal ammunition (Nakmwil, 2012). In addition, the night vision rifles produced by the company in many cases end up causing severe injuries and deaths to the users while in combat situations (Nakmwil, 2012). Besides, armored vehicles despite having strong sides and tops, the composition comprises solely of a single thin sheet layer improve on the undersides (Nakmwil, 2012). This makes them very vulnerable and weak to IED (Improvised Explosive Device) explosives (Nakmwil, 2012). Despite all these modifications, the inclusion of superior and whole tone materials in the flak jackets are capable of effectively preventing the unnecessary injuries encountered when utilizing fake products produced by the company (Nakmwil, 2012). However, Global Enterprise International spitefully declines altering their materials because this would cost the company a fortune and probably at the end lose the contract (Nakmwil, 2012). In addition, most of the landmines sold by the company to the Taliban in Afghanistan and Iran are not effective (Nakmwil, 2012). Those who attempted to plant the mines died in the process as they contained faulty switches. Later on, United States military realized numerous flaws characterizing these jackets, night vision rifles and armored vehicles, which it purchased from Global Enterprises International (Nakmwil, 2012). The United States referee department initiated legal investigations and the families of the deceased military members followed suit (Nakmwil, 2012). They also started forming mass actions and filing lawsuits against the concerned company. A

Does fall risk screening tools lead to reduction in falls in acute Article

Does fall risk screening woodpeckers spark advance to reduction in falls in acute hospital stays - Article ExampleIn part 2, a review of publications identified from the database search on fall screening tools and their figure out on falls during acute hospitalization would be presented, articulating factors that informed the choice of the topic, barriers to resolving underlying problems and the opera hat practices to adopt so as to make fall screening tools effective.There has been an increase in conducting inquiry in nursing due to the need for evidence-based professional practice. This has seen the emergence of evidence-based practice, EBP which, according to Polit and Beck (2012), entails the use of best clinical evidence to make patient care decisions. Such evidence would be informed through conducting interrogation from a repertoire of information and knowledge which vary in validity and reliability. Nonetheless, disciplined research provides the more or less sophistica ted approach to acquiring knowledge developed by humans over time. Cumulative findings from consistently and rigorously appraised research provide the basis for a majority of evidence hierarchies. Following this development, in want to evaluate whether fall risk screening tools reduce fall risks in acute hospital stays, I used a relevant database to search for reliable articles to provide relevant literature review.Indeed, healthcare literature on fall risk assessment, even when specifically limited to acute care hospital settings, pull round in their abundance. Thus, the knowledge on importance for most appropriate literature for the study topic would be critical. I used PubMed (pubmed.gov), a free search engine that primarily accesses the Medical Literature summary and Retrieval System Online, MEDLINE database, for this search because of its comprehensive resourcefulness in online references for students (Polit & Beck, 2013). To begin with, I identified delineate words as guid ed by the topic of study. Thus, I came up with fall risk, assessment tool and

Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environment - Research Paper role modelThe people hunted animals, fished, herded cattle, and grew food. Hence, reputation enabled worldly concerns survival. Modern years have witnessed an increasingly long divide between nature and gentleman in part due to a rational suppuration of language that seems to have made its indigenous roots indistinguishable. So the trans make believeation in our relationship with nature throughout history is marked by a development in newer modes of communication and expression. As mankind made its progress towards civilization, he distanced himself from his primitive roots that want everything from nature. And they developed language so practically to erase its historical roots in the natural context. Hence, although language traces its origination from animism, it cannot be returned to its original form because human developments over the years have contributed to changes that cannot be reverted back to basic pictorial communication.Philosophers have sought to explain the downfall of nature and the human beings alienation of ecological world just about us. Starting from Greek thinkers till the present times, philosophers have attempted to find the reasons for Mans closing off is his links with nature. It is thought that Mans changing ideas regarding the world including his emphasis on non-sensorial realm resulted in societys mistrust of sensory experience thus increasing the distance between Man and nature. The gap between Man and nature is considered to have caused by the mental landscape and context that was created by civilizations in order to harbor the separation of Man from nature. Two of the oldest civilizations that led towards separation are the Hebraical and the Greek civilizations. The Hebrew civilization, according to Abram, planted the seeds of spirituality and religiosity as a dominant notion over nature (95). The Greek civilization on the other hand promoted ideas and philosophy thereby raising the divid e that eventually led to the estrangement

School Bullying vs Work Bullying Essay Example for Free

School browbeat vs Work bullyrag Essay blustery has been a problem in schools for a very long and it is gaining more wariness due to media and anti-bullying programs. There argon many different types of bullying. The kinds of bullying that are most common are physical, verbal, cyber bullying, and racial harassment. All types of bullying are serious and need to be stopped. Physical bullying force out be in the form of hitting, kicking, shoving, punching, or any other kind of physical harm. Even saturnine someone with physical harm is considered bullying. Boys are more likely to be involved in this class than girls. Another kind of bullying is verbal bullying occurs when the bully uses language to out down or discourage a person because of things such as the persons appearance, physical inabilities, or their actions. touch on calling is a major part in verbal bullying. This also includes spreading/starting rumors around somebody. One very well known method of bullying is via the Internet. This is called cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is the use of email, text messages, and kind networking sites to harass someone. Bullying is a problem in our schools and it creates an unsafe environment for all who attend school.Bullying is not something that dissolve just be addressed inside one teachers classroom, it requires a comprehensive partnership effort to effectively stop bullying and the tolerance of bullying. The factors that are a result of victimization are the same ones that cause students to be targeted and bullied it is a vicious cycle. When educators are not afraid to intervene in a situation involving bullying the students self-esteem rises as well as their willingness to learn.Bullying in the workplace is also a problem that many employers will come across. If bullying is handled badly, or goes unchecked, there end be serious problems for an organisation. However, behaviour that is considered bullying by one person, maybe be considered as firm management by another. There are many definitions of bullying. It can be express that bullying is offensive, intimidating or insulting behaviour towards an individual. There are many actions that both employers and employees can take when bullying takes place at work.In addition as mentioned above, peoples views on what constitutes bullying can differ. Workplace bullying refers to the continuous criticism, negative comments on ones work or personality etc which harm the amiable state of an employeeOn the other hand according to a survey done, it was embed that the employees who had undergone the workplace bullying in any form, say, belittling comments, abuses, continuous criticism etc had much more chances of being depressed, having inferiority complex, short job satisfaction and thus leaving their jobs than those who had undergone the sexual harassment. However in addition to this, it was also found out from the same survey that the employees who had experienced the workplace b ullying had much more job stress, anger, misgiving and lower level of job commitment than the others.

City Life Essay Example for Free

City Life EssayHello I rush a request for you to give me a feedback on my essay. Thanks in advance.Essay on metropolis lifespansee more thanmetropolis living vs country livingThe migration from the countryside to city areas is merely a new phenomenon. This is a historic transformation on a global scale that consists of village conclusion being rapidly replaced by urban culture. Nowadays more than half of the worlds population lives in the cities.The majority of the people migrate of the better employment opportunities, the medical and educational facilities just on that point are also other reasons like the fun attractions of city life. City life is far more interesting and good-hearted to young people than rural life with its theaters, cinemas, night clubs, restaurants, shopping centers, places where you can practice some skylark and get a professional to help you out with it and all sorts of other things you can imagine.Nevertheless urban life has its disadvantages t oo.Those ensue from the fact that inevitably life becomes more and more rapid in the city and that results in the way people act. They walk through life hurriedly without noticing the important things in life that are family and nature. They become more and more distant and loose their way to nature which leads to more and more medical conditions ensued by withdrawing from nature.Life in our cities will become more perturbed in the future. The main trouble will be overpopulation therefore the streets will become crowded with people, it will take hours to get anywhere. correct so if the traveling issues are solved overpopulation will result in many homeless people because there isnt enough space for everybody even if skyscrapers are built to the sky. Other than that new technologies will develop even more and make life easier than today.In conclusion city life is very appealing but its developing rates are harmful for mans survival and future. Future generations will have to solve this problem.

Collective Action Problem Essay Example for Free

Collective Action Problem EssayProblem Statement Competitors Coca- cola and Pepsi-cola produce to decide whether or not to offer discount pricing.Matrix-Pepsi colaCoca- colaPricing dodgeDiscount priceRegular priceDiscount price$4b, $2b$8b, $1bRegular price$2b, $5b$6b, $4b* b manner billionDescription Both companies can choose one outcome by offering a discount price or a unbroken price. The payoff for each firm depends upon the pricing strategies of two firms. For coca- cola the worst case scenario is $2 billion payoff when it offers regular prices while Pepsi- dumbbell charges discount prices. Similarly, for Pepsi- Cola the worst case scenario is $1 billion.Solution A dilemma is involved because each party would same(p) to have maximum benefits by offering the discount and hoping that the other doesnt. The only secure means both companies have of avoiding meager moolah is to offer discount prices. The ideal scenario would have been when both were offering regular pric e as they would have earned $6 billion (Coca- cola) and $4 billion (Pepsi-Cola). But, its ambitious to trust each other and thus, they both go for the conservative strategy and settle down for profits of $4 billion and $2 billion for Coca-cola and Pepsi-Cola respectively.

Linguistics and Children Essay Example for Free

Linguistics and Children EssayThe power of wording to reflect last and influence thinking was first proposed by an American linguist and anthropologist, Edward Sapir (18841939), and his student, Benjamin Whorf (18971941). The SapirWhorf hypothesis stated that the delegacy we think and view the world is determined by our terminology (Anderson Lightfoot, 2002 Crystal, 1987 Hayes, Ornstein, Gage, 1987). Instances of ethnic linguistic process differences are evidence in that many dustups have circumstantial words for concepts whereas other manner of speakings use several words to map out a specific concept.For example, the Arabic diction includes many specific words for designating a certain fictional character of horse or camel (Crystal, 1987). To make such distinctions in English, where specific words do non exist, adjectives would be utilize preceding the concept label, such as quarter horse or dray horse. cultural differences have also been noned in the ship way in which dustup is used pragmatically. In our American culture, refreshful skills are typically taught and acquire through verbal instruction (Slobin, 1979). In some cultures, new skills are learned through nonverbal observation.A distinction has also been made between cultures that supercharge independent enlightening and those that encourage reconciling learning (McLeod, 1994). Differences in the social roles of adults and children also influence how language is used. Home and school scenes may represent diverse cultures, subcultures, or both and may influence language acquisition in notice fitted ways. Nonverbal cues (e. g. , facial expression) and contextual cues (e. g. , shared experience) have contrastive communicative roles in different cultures (Kaiser Rasminsky, 2003).In some cultures, prelinguistic children (who are not yet verbalizing) are spoken somewhat alternatively than spoken to (Heath, 1983). Children may be expected, and thus taught, to speak onl y when an adult addresses them. They are not encouraged to initiate conversations with adults or to join spontaneously in ongoing adult conversations. Additionally, in some cultures, children who enthusiastically volunteer answers at school are considered show-offs (Peregoy Boyle, 1993). In some cultural settings, children are not asked recitational questions.Instead, they are asked only questions of clarification or for new information. Thus, when these children experience recitational questions in a school setting, they may be confused as to the purpose of the questioning and the expected response. Further cultural differences in how language is used in educational settings have been documented by Tharp (1994). These differences include interlingual renditions in how stories are told, the turn back time given by t separatelyers to students during questioning sequences, the rhythmic patterns of the verbal fundamental interactions, and the patterns of conversational turn-taking.D uring the 1970s and 1980s, educators and linguists questioned and debated the verbal-deficit perspective. This perspective contended that anyone who did not use standard English did not have a valid language and thus was verbally deficient. Although the verbal-deficit perspective has now been proven invalid, it is grave to understand the research that was conducted to either support or cast down that perspective. Bernstein (1971), Bereiter and Englemann (1966), and Labov (1979) were among the researchers who studied language differences between different social groups, including middle- and lower-income groups and ethnic groups.This body of research identified specific differences in the way children from different socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds used language in school and free settings. Implications of this research have been widely discussed and interpreted in a variety of ways. Basil Bernstein (1971) documented the different linguistic scratchs used by children from lo wer- and middle-income families in England. Lower-income children were described as using a restricted code or highly contextualized language, while children from middle-income families used an elaborated code, or decontextualized language.His research also documented differences in school achievement for these two groups of children. Interpretations of Bernsteins work concluded a causeeffect proportion between language use and school success, supporting a verbal deficit perspective the low-class environment of the low-income children created a verbal deficiency responsible for subsequent low educational achievement (Winch, 1990). present in the United States, Bereiter and Englemann (1966) conducted further research from the verbal-deficit perspective.They focused on the language of preschool African American children in Urbana, Illinois. Bereiter and Engleman concluded that the language used by African American children was not a valid language and thus recommended that these ch ildren needed to be taught English in the school setting (Winch, 1990). Academically oriented preschool curricula were real (e. g. , Blank, Rose, Berlin, 1978) to provide the needed English language training for verbally deficient children. William Labov (1979 Winch, 1990) explored social dialects of lower income African American children in urban settings.He studied the differences in childrens in-school and out-of-school (e. g. , playground) language competencies. His information directly challenged the verbal-deficit theory because it documented the elaborated and systematic linguistic properties of Black English. His research back up the judgement that Black English was a separate language system with its own grammar and rules. Labov described dialects as having just about different versions of the same rules, extending and modifying the grammatical processes which are common to all dialects of English (Labov, 1995, p.54).Labovs research supported the idea that verbal diff erences are not verbal deficits. Because Labovs research focused on language used in academic and nonschool settings, he also created a greater awareness of the role of context and dialect in communication. Tough (1977) conducted a longitudinal study of children from advantaged (college-educated, professional parents) and disadvantaged (parents who were in semiskilled(prenominal) or semiskilled occupations) homes. The study began when the children were 3 years old, with follow-up at 5 1? 2 and 7 1? 2 years.At age 3, the disadvantaged children and the advantaged children showed significant differences in the ways they used language. Specifically, the disadvantaged children did not use language to suppose and give details of prior experiences, anticipate coming(prenominal) events and possible outcomes, reason about incumbent and remembered events, problem solve using language for planning and considering alternatives, gift solutions, create and sustain dramatic play events, and u nderstand others experiences and feelings. When these children were studied again at 5 1? 2 and 7 1?2 years, the disadvantaged children produced shorter, less manifold responses. This research contributed to our understanding that children from different cultural environments may be learning to use language differently and may experience obstacle in participating in the language environment in schoolrooms. Further awareness of the role of cultural environments in the acquisition of language was influenced in the 1980s by ethnographic research techniques that were used by language researchers. Ethnographic studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of linguistic diversity.Ethnography uses participant observation in real-life settings and focuses on individuals within their social and cultural contexts. In her ethnographic study, Heath (1983) explored childrens acquisition of language at home and school in two communities in the southeastern United States. She foun d differences in communication in working-class black and white families as well as among middle-class townspeople of both ethnic groups. Heath also described differences in story structures, language, and sense of truth (fiction vs. nonfiction) that children learned at home that were different from those expected at school.To be successful at school, these children had to be able to recognize when a story is expected to be true, when to stick to the facts, and when to use their imaginations (Heath, 1983, p. 294). Heaths research also documented valid and authentic differences in the ways language is used and in the ways in which children in those respective communities become competent language users. Heath concluded that the contrasts she found in language were not based on race, but on complex cultural influences in each community. The importance of family context in language acquisition was more recently described by stag and Risley (1995, 1999).Findings from their longitudinal study document the significance of talkativeness in families in influencing language acquisition rather than the familys socioeconomic status or ethnic group identity. Differences in language use were attributed to the complex family culturenot simply due to socioeconomic status or ethnic group identity. Among the families that were studied, the or so important difference was in the amount of talking. Children in families where there was more talking developed high levels of language in the areas of vocabulary growth and vocabulary use.These differences were strongly linked to school performance at age 9. Among these families, Hart and Risley (1995) identified five quality features in parents language interactions with their children 1. Language diversity the variation and amount of nouns and modifiers used by the parents 2. Feedback tone the positive feedback given to childrens participation in the interaction 3. Symbolic emphasis the emphasis placed on focusing on names and asso ciated relations of the concepts and the recall of those symbols 4.Guidance style parental interaction that used asking rather than demanding in eliciting specific sort from the child 5. Responsiveness parental responsiveness to requests or questions initiated by children Hart and Risley (1995) speculated that these categories may be important for the language-based analytic and symbolic competencies upon which advanced education and a global economy depend (p. 193). A current hypothesis on why children from diverse linguistic backgrounds experience difficulty in school is the socializing mismatch hypothesis.This hypothesis predicts that children are more likely to succeed in school when the home language and literacy socialization patterns are similar to those that are used and valued in school (Faltis, 1998, p. 23). This hypothesis has been apply to children who speak a nonstandard English dialect as well as to children who are learning a second language. Home language socializ ation patterns may differ from those favored in the school classroom in the following ways (Faltis, 1998) 1. The amount of talk directed to preschool children 2.The participation of young children as conversation partners with adults 3. Opportunities children have to explain or give a personal interpretation of events 4. The types of questions asked of children during storybook sharing 5. The forms of recital that are used (e. g. , fiction, nonfiction, or ongoing narratives) In addition, the social interaction patterns used in the classroom may vary from the home cultures with respect to expectations for competitive versus collaborative or cooperative activities as well as the courtesies and conventions of conversations (Tharp, 1994, p. 140).

Transportation Essay Example for Free

Transportation leavenTransportation and environmental issues are opposite in nature since transportation deliver socio-economic benefits are great, besides at the same time repairingenvironmental transportation system. On one and only(a) side, supporting transport activities growing requirement for passenger and autogo movement, while on the other, transportation activities associated with increase levels of external environment. This has reached the point where transport is the sovereign source of the taint emission and multiple effects on the environment Complexity of the problem that has take to much controversy in the policy environment and the role of transport. see more canvas almost transportThe transport sector is often subsidized by the public sector, particularly through the verbalism and maintenance of road infrastructure which tend to be independent of the access. Sometimes, the public interest in the musical mode of transport, terminal and infrastructure c an be odd with environmental issues. If the owner and the same regulator (different branches of government), therefore there is a risk that the rules allow for not be effectively observed. It can also remove to another extreme where compliance would lead to an inefficient transportation system with the cost of subsidies.The environmental impact of vehicle pollution burning fossil fuels such as natural gas and gasoline utilise for transportation the way we produce harmful chemicals, among them carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, which is a major pollutant and ratifier to global warming. Over 150 years ago, cars, airplanes and power plants have been producing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere enough to awaken a higher level than ever before. Single car emissions are generally low, but added to the emissions from the millions of vehicles per sidereal day used to create a huge impact on the environment and air quality.Car pollution reaching water pollution, noise pollution, air pol lution to global warming, to give effect to human health. On-road take vehicles not only release carbon dioxide but also nitrogen oxides, which contribute to the formation of acrimonious rain. They are also a precursor to the formation of ozone (smog), which damage the respiratory system and damage the plants. In the West, about 6% of the population will die due to air pollution, it is not surprising that the car industry is responsible for up to 80% of urban air pollution.With globalization and modern technology invasive every corner of the world, it is a known fact that air pollution and congestion are increasing at an alarming rate. Some of the recommendations about how to address this problem encouraging the use of public transport. This essay will analyze the strategy to encourage people to use trains and buses to commute to work. For a start, it felt that one way to stimulate the use of public transport to make use of private cars expensive. For example, tolls have been intr oduced successfully in a number of places in cities around the world.This example clearly shows that the use of private cars on the highway is expensive compared to public transport. Therefore, introducing tolls and other taxes apply private cars is a good strategy to oppose people from using private vehicles. In addition, limiting the number of parking permits in urban areas serving to prevent people from using their private vehicles. Take for example the Metro Sydney. Last year, a poll showed that the city experienced a sharp drop in traffic caused 30% increase in the price for parking permits.This clearly demonstrates the fact that, the price increases made it difficult for people to use their personal car to go to the cities. Thus, the increase in the price of parking permits is a good way to prevail congestion and encourage use of public transport. Following the appearance, it is clear that by increasing the cost of using a private vehicle is an effective strategy to enco urage people to use public transport. Thus, this will help to reduce congestion and air pollution to some degree.

Bismarck in the year 1894 Essay Example for Free

capital of North Dakota in the year 1894 EssaySource capital of North Dakota. Des eisernen Kanzlers Leben in annhernd 200 seltenen Bildern nebst einer Einfhrung. Herausgegeben von Walter Stein. Im Jahre diethylstilboestrol 100. Geburtstags Bismarcks und des groen Krieges 1915. Hermann Montanus, Verlagsbuchhandlung Siegen und Leipzig1) How did the Germans get the Empire they wanted by 1890?Germany appeared as an Empire after the Franco-Prussian war in 1871. Otto Van Bismarck, Prussian chancellor since 1862, k unused that to unify an Empire, several aspects had to be organized. He became German Chancellor in 1871 and garment up a constitution on the same year. With this, powers were separated into three varied branches The Kaiser, The Chancellor and the two Chambers. He also sought to control opposition. The perform was controlled with the May Laws (Falk) and the Kulturkampf. For socialists he passed the alter law (1878) to control them, and several insurances to favour the m. Bismarck also believed that an Empire ought to have colonies for industrial development. In 1789, he had to bring tariffs so as to raise money for his foreign policy.By passing the constitution, Bismarck was successful in separating the powers. The most powerful one was the Kaiser. The first Kaiser was William I (former King of Prussia). He was the utmost authority in Germany. He had full control of the army and navy and decided whether the country was at war or made peace treaties with other countries. He also appointed all the Ministers in the Empire. This was helpful for Bismarck since he was appointed Chief Minister (Chancellor) of the German Empire.He was very authoritative with the Kaiser, he controlled him. As he could do as he liked, it later allowed him to dominate the German Empire. The German parliament consisted of two Chambers The Bundesrat and the Reichstag. The first one mentioned, was conformed of 58 delegates appointed by States representatives. As 14 votes wer e needed to reject measures and 17 delegates were Prussian, this house was controlled by her. The Reichstag was elected by the universal manhood suffrage. It was a much more democratic system than the Bundersrat and represented citizens. However, it was controlled by the Bundersrat. This house was also controlled by Prussian superiority, since half of its members were Prussian.Controlling the opposition was certainly something that Bismarck intended to do. Bismarck followed a centripetal (centralizing) policy. He thought that people had to work in things related to the Empire. On the other hand, the Catholic Church followed a centrifugal (going away from the centre) policy. The Church looked for foreign countries, so Bismarck decided to attack it. Bismarck support the German Catholic teachers who didnt agree (Old Catholics) with the idea of Papal Infallibity (1870). The Church intended to promote actions of the New Catholics, who followed the new doctrine. To solve this problem, Bis marck organized a reason by the State against the Church known as the Kulturkampf. He was supported by the National Liberals while the Church was supported by the Centre Party.This campaign separated state and church affairs Jesuits were expelled from Germany German schools controlled by State inspectors, in 1874 Marriage had to channelise place before government-appointed officials. In May 1873-74-75, Falk, the Minister of Church Affairs, introduced the May (Falk) laws. This brought several changes as regards the Church the Church was forbidden to excommunicate old priests publicly, before starting priestly studies, people had to study at a state university and pass an examination, the state now accepted or neglected teaching posts to clergymen, Catholic educative establishments had to accept inspections by state officials and all religious orders were dissolved.The Social Democratic Party (SDP) set up in 1869 owned by 1877, 12 seats in the Reichstag. In 1878, when the attempts o f killing the Kaiser took place, Bismarck decided to blame the Socialists. To obtain control of them, he passed the Enabling Law (1878). This Law, allowed the government to declare a state emergency if necessary. It also forbade Socialist publications. Over 1500 Socialists were arrested in 1878. However, Bismarck realized he could non cope with the Socialists. He gave several insurances to them since his intention was to get popular support. Workers were insuranced against sickness (1883), against accidents at work (1884) and were stipulation old age pensions (Jubilacin) in 1889.By 1879, Bismarck realized that he needed money naughtily for his foreign policy. He intended to have a better equipped army, a Civil serve needed to run the Empire and for the social welfare. He knew that if he asked the Reichstag to impose new taxes, he would charge the Chamber more power than what he wanted to give. He then decided to apply a system of protective tariffs which would help him to obtai n money.Bismarck knew that Germany needed colonies to enhance its industrial development, in ill will of possibly annoying Britain that could harm Germany in the future with the loss of Alsace and Lorraine. By promoting colonial expansions, Germany could obtain lancinate materials, markets for German goods and a living space (Lebensraum) for the growing population. In 1882, Bismarck intended to acquire colonies by forming a Colonial Union. Finally, in 1884, the major Powers agreed on a division of Africa. Germany obtained South westmost Africa, Togoland and the Cameroons (1885), the naval base of Holigoland (1890) and obtained German East Africa with an agreement with Britain on the same year.Germany could be an Empire by 1890 due to Bismarcks achievements. He succeeded in organizing the empire by separating powers. He could control opposition since as he could dominate the Kaiser he could do as he pleased. He passed laws for the Socialists and the Church that allowed Germany to be a merged Empire. His intention was organizing Germany since he knew that for an Empire to be unified, it first had to be organized. His goal was finally achieved but he was forced to resign in 1890.

The Compact Theory Essay Example for Free

The Compact Theory screenCompact theory Regarding the Constitution of the United States of America, the compact theory holds that the nation was formed through a compact agreed upon by all the states, and that the federal government is consequently a creation of the states. Consequently, states should be the final arbiters over whether the federal government had overstepped the doctors of its authority as set forth in the compact. begin theory studies how economic actors can and do construct contractual arrangements, generally in the presence of asymmetric information KansasNebraska Act 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the moment Compromise of 1820, and tolerateed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. Stephen Arnold Douglas was an American politician from the western state of Illinois, and was the Northern Democratic Party candidate for President in 1860.Free Soil P arty was a short-lived political party in the United States active in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections, and in some state elections. Bleeding Kansas was a serial of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery Border Ruffian elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U. S. state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858.Trent Affair was an international diplomatic incident that occurred during the American courtly warfare appointment of Antietam 1862 fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. Battle of Gettysburg 1863 on June 24, 1863, oecumenic Robert E. Lee led his Confederate Army across the Potomac River and headed towards Pennsylvania. Appomattox Court house is a courthouse in Appomattox, Virginia create in 1892.It is located in the middle of the state about three miles (5 km) northwest of the Appomattox Court family National Historical Park, once known as Clover Hill home of the original archaic Appomattox Court House. Robert Edward Lee (General Lee) was a career United States Army officer and combat engineer. Ulysses S. give (General Grant was the 18th President of the United States (18691877) as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. caper Browns raid on Harpers Ferry -was an attempt by white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave evolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia in 1859.thirteenth Amendment was to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and nonvoluntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. Homestead Act- is one of two United States federal laws that gave an applier freehold title to up to 160 acres of undeveloped federal land outside the original Thirteen Colonies. Morrill Land-Grant Acts- was a United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges, including the Morrill Act of 1862 and the Morrill Act of 1890.Compromise of 1850 was an intricate package of five bills, passed in September 1850, defusing a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North that arose interest the Mexican-American War (18461848). Uncle Toms Cabin is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was espouse on July 9, 1868 as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote on that citizens race, color, or previous condition of servitude (i. e. , slavery). It was ratified on February 3, 1870. Reconstruction Era has two uses the first covers the entire nation in the period 18651877 following the Civil War the second one, used in this article, covers the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, with the reconstruction of state and confederacy in the former Confederacy.The Black Codes were laws passed on the state and local level in the United States to limit the basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks. Jim Crow laws- were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. Ku Klux Klan is the take a leak of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist right currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism.

Fast Food and Vending Machines Arent the Problem Essay Example for Free

Fast diet and Vending Machines Arent the Problem EssayThere has been an ongoing debate as to whether schools should be allowed to subsidize and snitch fast food in the cafeterias as well as the use of monger machines in schools. I believe that it is when people who prepared the food started to lose sight of priggish nutrition and portioning that made the problem. In some schools, vend machines are in like manner part of the money-making machine that helps fund a schools assorted donnish and day to day activities. At the Old Orchard Beach School, it has been reported thatThe team implemented Tulane Universitys CATCH nutrition education curriculum and wrote school vending policies that led to the removal of sodas and junk foods, and replaced them with water, coulomb% fruit juices, and healthier snack options. The vending machine signage was changed to advertise water instead of soda pop. The vendors were actually cooperative in making the changes, and vending revenues ha ve remained the same. Students have also taken an active billet by writing their own nutrition policies, such as policies regarding foods served for class direction parties.At the Vista last school, Enid Hohn is the Director of Child keep Services for Vista School District. He has learned to use the necessity evil to the benefit of his students and the school system. In 2005, with the support of the School Superintendent, he converted the junk vending machine at the Vista High School into a healthy, popular, moneymaking machine for the school. He relates the triumph story of his pilot project this way The Principal was not very enthusiastic about this change.He indicated that he had been receiving $600. 00 per month ($7,200. 00 per year) in vending commission and was not interested in losing it. CNS gave him a $10,000. 00 signing bonus to offset his fears. We had difficulty getting students interested in signing up to testify all the free food and beverages so we set up sample tables in a room close to the eating area and coerced students to come in and help us. We conducted food testing for three long time and involved about 100 students.Once that was done it was important to set up focus groups with various students. Once school started we determined on that point was a need for additional machines due to the popularity of the Healthy substitute Vending Program and the volume of items students were purchasing. (qtd. in Healthy Vending The Vending Challenge paragraph 16) I am arguing that school vending machines should be allowed to sell fast food that fall infra specified criteria controlled by the Child Nutrition Services of each school district based on the above information.The school earns the funding they need while staying within the guidelines of proper health and nutrition, while the children alimental food without knowing it. Certain school districts argue that selling junk food and sodas in vending machines which are easily accessible to students in between classes since these are mostly located in the mansion house cause deterioration in the students over all performance. It makes him sluggish, gives him a shorter attention span and prevents him from concentrating. Jeffrey Koplan, vice chairwoman of for academic health affairs of Emory University has stated thatObesity may be a personal issue, still at the same time, families, communities, and corporations all are adversely affected by obesity and all transmit responsibility for changing social norms to better promote healthier lifestyles. We recognize that several of our recommendations challenge secure aspects of American life and business, but if we are not willing to make some fundamental shifts in our attitudes and actions, obesitys toll on our nations health and well-being will only worsen. (qtd. in theme Effort urgently Needed to scrap childishness ObesityActions Required by Schools, Families, Communities, Industry, and Government paragraph 2. ) In add ition, the National Effort Urgently Needed to assault Childhood Obesity Actions Required by Schools, Families, Communities, Industry, and Government, report also warned parents and schools alike that By the time they are 14 old age old, 52 percentage of boys and 32 percent of girls are drinking three or more eight-ounce servings of soda a day. It would help for us to immortalize that vending machines dont stock themselves, we do.This whole argument will prove to be a farce if the parents of the children pitch or wont supervise the children or serve a nutritionally balanced meal at home. I refer you once again to the opinion of the National Effort Urgently Needed to Combat Childhood Obesity Actions Required by Schools, Families, Communities, Industry, and Government report Parents can exert a mysterious influence on their children by promoting healthy foods and an active lifestyle from an early age and serving as role models.Parents can encourage their children to develop a hea lthy, varied diet by introducing new foods in a persistent but non-coercive fashion. Studies show that repeated exposure is most critical during the early years of life and that it can take five to 10 exposures to a new food before a child will accept it. (qtd. in National Effort Urgently Needed to Combat Childhood Obesity Actions Required by Schools, Families, Communities, Industry, and Government paragraph 5 I therefore, would like to reiterate that, there is no real reason with which to ban junk food and vending machines in schools.Instead, schools should learn to software package healthy junk food. Learn how to use these things in order to promote good health and proper nutrition. The students will certainly be much more receptive of this approach.Works Cited1. Enid Hohn, R. D. , Director of Child Nutrition Services. Healthy Vending The Vending Challenge. November 2006. November 13, 2006 http//www. vusd. k12. ca. us/cns/healthyvending. htm 2. National Effort Urgently Needed to Combat Childhood ObesityActions Required by Schools, Families, Communities, Industry, and Government. September 30, 2004. November 13, 2006. http//www8. nationalacademies. org/onpinews/newsitem. aspx? RecordID=11015 3. Schools and School Districts That Have Improved School provender and Beverages and Not Lost Revenue. November 2006. November 13, 2006. www. cspinet. org/nutritionpolicy/improved_school_foods_without_losing_revenue2. pdf - 4. Bruce Buchanan. Getting to Wellness. October 2005. November 13, 2006. http//www. asbj. com/wellness/S1. html

Mexican Americans in American Popular Culture Essay Example for Free

Mexican Americans in American Popular horticulture EssayIt is a known fact that modern entertainment media created certain images and stereotypes of Latin, Asian and other social minorities living in our country. American plastic film movies, TV series or even PC games broadly picture the members of Latin and Mexican cultures as aggressive tempered mustached guys, who smoke and fight a lot, and who are always involved in drug distribution or some(prenominal) criminal activities. This dip had very negative effects on our minds, and many of our citizens are convinced that there are no educated, good-mannered and decent people in Mexican communities. I was always wondering why it happens this way, and studying some historic material, including the articles from the site Digital History, helped me to find some answers on this question. This tendency proved to have a long history and it was formed during the second and the third decades of the twentieth century, when Hollywood p roducers started expressing their concern and fears caused by the afflux of sharp Mexican actors, including Lupe Velez or Dolores Del Rio, their success and public recognition in the US.That is why many performers of Latin tooth root were given the roles of bandits, thieves and other not attractive characters. After the World War II a look of movies were produced, in which the directors tried to restore the image of Mexican Americans, but after the 1960s, when the problems of illegal immigration from the southeasterly became topical, caricaturizing the Mexicans continued. During the last decades, negative characters of Hispanic origin have been appearing in many popular cinema movies or TV series, starting from Chico and the Man and ending with 24.Also, a great contribution to reinforcing the distorted images of the Mexicans was make by a series of popular video games Grand Theft Auto (GTA). In my opinion, this military post is really dejecting, and I am convinced that recent a ttempts of Mexican artists to demonstrate their true cultural indistinguishability and unique distinctive heritage must be supported in our society, and their ethnic voices must be heard.

Alumni Essay Example for Free

Alumni EssayGENERAL BACKGROUND education brass (IS) is the study of complementary net break downs of ironwargon and softw be that lot and organizations put on to collect, filters, and process, create, and distribute info. The study bridges business and computer science development the theoretical foundations of reading and computation to study variant business models and related algorithmic processes within a computer science discipline. Computer information constitution (CIS) is a field studying computers and algorithmic processes, including their principles, their softw be and dangerousware designs, their applications, and their impact on society while IS emphasizes functionality over design. Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision fashioning. In a broad sense, the term is go ford to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, but also to the mien in which people in teract with this technology in support of business processes. Some authors mention a clear characteristic between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT comp superstarnt but are not purely concerned with ICT, foc utilise instead on the demolition use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes. diverge argues for advantages of viewing an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans and/or machines perform work (processes and activities) using resources to piss specific products and/or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are disposed to processing (capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying) information. As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are graceful as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action.NEED OFINFORMATION governanceInformation systems help allow structure and access to information. Since libraries build, manage, and maintain information systems, librarians and LIS bookmans are frequently propelled onto the front lines of interactions between library users and technology. alone what do librarians need to grapple to best meet their patrons needs?Information expert Ratzan uses plain language, humor, and perfunctory examples like baseball and arithmetic to make sense of information systems . He also explores their characteristics, uses, abuses, advantages, and shortcomings for your library. Fun exercises and appendices are provided to illustrate severalize organizes in the book a nd measure understanding.You can be a technophobe and still call for about systems and subsystems to represent, organize, retrieve, network, secure, conceal, measure, and manage information. This expert sourcebook addresses both theoretical and practical issues, and is complete with exercises, examples, terms, and charts that help clarify concepts to make your information system a success.ADVANTAGES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMInformation systems confuse significantly transformed the way business is conducted. In todays society it would be pretty difficult to find an organization that does not use some form of technology, automation or information system to help run its operational and routine transactional processes. Computer technology has become so noblely integrated in the business environment it is often hard to remember a time when organizations operated without it. The benefits technology offers are rattling valuable and this is the primary rationality why many businesses opt to invest in information systems. Increased ProductivityWhen automation takes over some of the burden of the more mundane and routine tasks, the rapid speed increases productivity. In addition employees are free to work on other serious tasks that require human thinking. The time computer information systems frees up also gives both management and theirstaffs the ability to have time to brainstorm and come up with new and innovative ideas since the burden of some of the everyday tasks are lifted. Less Redundancy and Better selective information IntegrityComputer information systems can be programmed to have amazing ability to eliminate duplicates, point out inconsistencies and merge data together to make it more manageable. This heightens the ability for higher degrees of accuracy and efficiency. selective information integrity means the data is more reliable due to the capabilities of automation.Inputting data into information systems where it can be sorted, filed and processed is highly efficient. Long gone are the days of filing cabinets, missing papers, misfiled documents and other important details. If information is needed, all it takes is a few clicks of the mouse or a few works typed in and all the information immediately pops right up.Instead of having separated computer systems for different parts of a business, modern information systems allow systems to be streamlined. No longer do different staff members have to input and file the same information for their own purposes and needs. Instead data goes into one central puzzle and IT personnel set up user privileges which are typically on a need to know basis and employees can access which areas of the information system they need to perform their jobs.Initially investing in computer information systems is a large investment, but when strategically planned through and through proper system analysis, the investment in information systems can pay off handsomely over the long term. The key is to think o f the organizations mission, objectives and overall business plan and ensure the implemented information system meets these goals. With proper plan a company can simultaneously maximize profit while decreasing overhead costs.The possibilities of using information systems in business are endless. Whilethere are some challenges to overcome when making the transition to new kinds of automation, with strategic thinking, good practiced planning and an overall willingness to embrace change through technology, there are many terrific advantages of integrating information systems in any organization.ALUMNI INFORMATION SYSTEMAlumni information system is an example of web application which is under the information systems. It helps an academic institution in tracking its alumni. Also, it helps the alumni to communicate with the institution through the use of the internet. It also helps the alumni to get updated with the latest news and forthcoming events of the institution. This applicatio n can slowly be accessed through the use of the internet which will be very useful to the alumni because they can keep in touch with the institution even if they do not natter the school. This application can be very useful especially to those alumni who are now living afield because they can still get connected with their fellowmen and the institution.Nowadays, computer has infiltrated all the aspects of our society. The computer is most likely one of the keen technological mechanism for future change. It can now simply make our works easier and lighter. With this great thing it wont be more useful without the computers software. Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, often broken into two major categories system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks.SCOPE OF THE swan WORKA web web site requires attractive design and proper arrangement of links and images, which enables a browser to easily interpret and access the properties of the site. Hence it provides the browser with adequate information and functionality about the organization, community, network etc. This sites use to view information of alumni, job vacancy details. The current happening information showing in the page.The alumni are old students are registering their information in thedepartment. Here the department organizing the any activities is inserting in the site. This web site is totally full of information and details of person joined with that institute. This confuse is to modify, add store data of each and every individual.ABOUT THE cheekIntroductionA to Z Computech is one of the foremost technical and well experienced Computer plant. It offers Diploma Courses, Higher Diploma Courses, Post Graduate Diploma Courses, aware Courses, Individual Courses, Project Works, Implant Training, Soft Skill Training, Web Designing, a nd Software Development in various streams and Aims to provide Quality Computer Education.The Institute was established in June 1996 in Chennimalai, headed by J. Senthil Kumar, The Managing Director, and a windy with 18 years of experience in the Field of IT. The Institute was certified by International beat Organization (ISO 90012008).A to Z Computech aim to provide superior Computer Education in convivial and artistic environment with disciplined, Dedicated and Corporate regulations. VisionVision is to bring up the computer skills, advanced(a) ideas and talents of each and every individual student from rural area and make them to participate in police squad for the Development of our nation. By providing Quality, time bound and cost-efficient Computer Education.MissionThe ultimate goal of A to Z Computech is to have its own identity in the Computer Training industry as a most trusted trainer in all aspects and a one stop solution for high quality, time bound and cost effectiv e Institute. A to Z Computech is committed to maintain 100% students satisfaction by certain values Deep Integrity Ensuring Code of Conduct.Precious Timekeeping Highest level of TrainingPotential Leadership with an Energetic TeamSufficient Infrastructure for anytime ExpansionContinuous growth 100% SuccessLeadership and TeamA to Z Computech are an Institute with diverse talents skills. Our Institute offers a Job Oriented Courses, College Project Works (All UG PG Courses), In Plant Training in which talented, germinal motivated students can be employed by us. A to Z Computech dont just acknowledge hard work achievements A to Z Computech reward it groom it. A to Z Computech have an experienced aggroup of ambitious, vibrant, young professionals having ability to update with latest trends requirements of students. A to Z Computech teams passion is to take challenges and to deliver to Students expectations. ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT REPORTThis project report is subdivided int o six main chapters and some appendix.Chapter I INTRODUCTION includes the first appearance about information system, need of information system, advantages of information system, alumni information system, about the organization and organization of the project report.Chapter II SYSTEM ANALYSIS includes description of the Existing System and proposed system. Its employed to provide a systematic proposed method and principles to achieve the objectives of the report.Chapter III SYSTEM SPECIFICATION includes hardware and software requirements, front end and backend details.Chapter IV SYSTEM DESIGN includes system and data flow diagram, module description, database, input and output design.Chapter V TESTING IMPLEMENTATION includes testing plan and schedule, implementation details.Chapter VI CONCLUSION FUTURE WORK includes the closing curtain and general evaluation of the project and suggestion of the future work.

Role of young engineers and successful examples education essay

Role of junior engineers and prosperous examples planning essayINTRODUCTIONThe term nation structure is usually used to refer to the inferential process of engaging all citizens in edifice social concurrence, economic prosperity and political perceptual constancy in an inclusive and democratic way.A nation is built out of the human intellect. This path that a nation tramp non be built without the recognition and the collective efforts of all citizens, skilled and unskilled, young and old. Young mickle atomic number 18 a crucial segment of a nations break outment. Their contri only whenions, therefore, be highly needed. Young people atomic number 18 social actors of change and as the saying goes, The spring chicken be not only the leaders of tomorrow, tho in resembling manner the partners of today. It is well k straightwayn that the most vibrant section of every(prenominal) society is the spring chickenfulness. Therefore, the youth engender the responsibili ty of being at the fore-front of any national exercise.young is that period when a man is intact of free energy, ambitions and zest for life. The power possessed by youth is a recognised force today. The power or the energy go off be used for both constructive and destructive means. Whenever there is unrest in a coarse, political forces use youth for their further selfish interests 1. offspring Leadership skills are relevant to young peoples in-person development, as well as their intent within a group. On a personal level, youth experiences gain insight into themselves. This helps them analyze their strengths and weaknesses and set personal and vocational goals. On a group level, youth develop the ability to work with another(prenominal)s to progress to a shared vision and to befool on the talents, skills, and energy of others.The task of nation building is very challenging and can be divide into phases. Everyone can contribute towards it according to his or her capabil ities. The young people should be made to understand a specific project and its importance to the society. They should be given a suitable direction so that they can work hard for its fulfilment. This will make them satisfied by the realisation that they commence been assigned graphemes in the nation building. They would be positiond to work sincerely for the welfare of the society and the country.Every citizen, including the youths, should always hit it at the back of their mind that nation building is a collective effort of all citizens in constructing a desired country. No contribution is too small or too big. It essential overly be noted that nation building starts from the comm sensation level up to the national level.LEADERSHIPS IN ground DEVELOPMENT FORWARDING TO 1 MALAYSIA AND VISION 2020The young, according to Pearl S. Buck (a Nobel Laureate in literature) do not know enough to be prudent, and therefore they attempt the impossible, and earn it, multiplication after generation. early days is that clay which can be melded in either shape one wants. In our belief, this is the sole reasonableness for both exploitation and utilization of youth in the destruction and construction of any nation respectively. It is a fact that, the nations building is highly dependent on youth. Youth is that spark which needs no ignition. Youth is that powerful resource, which can either construct or destruct the whole nation. No doubts youth should tone of voice forward to take up on the responsibility in developing the nation. The countrys leaders should also breast youths, as well as youth organisations, as they are the leaders of the future and would contribute to the nation-building efforts 2. sense among youth is to be raised about the development issues and their potential roles in the country. It is also important to rent young people in the consultative process of designing policies that affect youth. If young people are inexperienced at work, they will also be inexperienced about policies but there are some important lessons that we have learned. For example, youths in their upper teens and 20s have been consulted, if not in decision-making, at to the lowest degree in informing them about legislation that would affect their lives. As much(prenominal), the regimen policies and constitutional provisions which sentry duty the needy will stop to be implemented.Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak said that the 1Malaysia concepts eventual(prenominal) accusing is to action national unity among its people. He said In other words, 1Malaysia is a concept to foster unity in Malayans of all races based on several important determine which should buy the farm the practice of every Malaysian 3. Malaysia is a formula which serves as a prerequisite to ensure realisation of the countrys aspiration to achieve developed nation status by 2020 if it is assimilated in the people and practised by society. If Bangsa Malaysia (the Malays ian race) defined in Vision 2020 is the ultimate objective of this journey, whence 1Malaysia is the guide pointing the way towards that objective. As such, youth leaders is one of the very important elements to ensure that the concept would not deviate from what had been agreed to by our forefathers. In fact, 1Malaysia values and respects the ethnic identities of every community in Malaysia and regards them as assets to be proud of. Youth in order to make his/her country developed, has to sacrifice not only their lives by protecting their country at the borders but also has to protect from internal threats, and make the society a healthy focalise to live. It is possible only, if the youth realize to stay healthy by sacrificing selfishness, laziness, evilness etc., and by thinking dedicatedly for the produce of nation.Ignorance, fear, prejudice and apathy, if left unchecked, are fertile ground for breeding hatred, extremism, fatalism and fanaticism, which are the root causes of t he worlds ills. So, youths of today looseness very significant role to demonstrate strong leadership potential, personal drive, and a passion and energy for making a difference in our community and country. No obstacle is too high, too rich or too wide for us to overcome if all of us oddly the young generation who will be the leaders of tomorrow willing to join hands, think and act together as 1World. By quoting an old Malay proverb that Together, people could conquer all peaks and traverse all valleys. angiotensin-converting enzyme way to inculcate youth leadership, youth can participate in the youth leadership honorary society 4. The Youth Leadership Academy is dedicated to nurture and to build capabilities of future young leaders. As a participant, we will have the opportunity to reform our leadership skills, and be inspired by Malaysias most prosperous corporate leaders and young professionals. It is true that, youth is highly amendable, but one must battle array the gu ts to take up the challenge to guide the youth to a correct path.The central purpose of advocating youth leadership is to defy youth in taking the initiative to engage in civic and community activities in order to build on their strengths and self-esteem and to work together as a team in building leadership skills. Youth leadership groups are similar to other youth development groups in that they are structured to offer youth directional, interesting material and resources that address up-to-the-minute youth issues. Youth leadership groups are run by the youth themselves, but facilitated by a staff person in your course of instruction. Because the groups are self-directed by youth, the facilitator should serve as a support and guide for youth development.The key for the 1Malaysia concept is to practise mutual respect and combining among the different races in Malaysia. However, mutual respect is not just tolerance 5. That is just the bare minimum. Mutual respect means we have embraced unity in diversity. And secondly, we must trust one another. only when trust is not something gained overnight. But if done consciously over time, it will eventually happen. Once trust is developed, Malaysia will be the spunk total of all races. We will not be moving as separate communities but as one Malaysia and we will be stronger. It will be a new Malaysia because well change our mindset because we trust and respect each other. We hope all will join us to bring Malaysia to great heights. That is why youth leadership programs come in handy whereby they enable the youths to learn from the best, and really develop themselves personally and professionally fit to the National Centre on Secondary Education and Transition, youth leadership activities can help contributing to and being involved in promoting the well being of the community, developing and use a positive attitude within leadership activities, developing strong, trustworthy relationships with creditworthy adul ts and peers, interacting and collaborating with individuals from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds, participating in a wide array of career exploration activities, maintaining a freight to academic and lifelong learning, maintaining and demonstrating a healthy lifestyle.In a nutshell, the core elements of unity are, firstly, the attitude of sufferance among the races and the people, secondly, principles of nationhood based on the Federal Constitution and the Rukun Negara (National Ideology), and, thirdly, social justice. As such, the political relation policies and constitutional provisions which apology the needy will continue to be implementedMalaysia has come a long way since its independence. It has survived the Nipponese occupation, followed by colonization by the British Empire. After geezerhood of power struggle and much bloodshed, Malaysia is now 52 years old and growing since it freed itself from the grip of foreign forces. However, independence was not the fi nal objective of Malaysia. Inspired by the struggle of our forefathers, Malaysia craves for global recognition as a developed nation as well as a place on the world map. Who then is to lead Malaysia into achieving this particular fancy? The answer is definitely not the menses leaders as human is of finite life. It is worth mentioning a quote from our former premier, His Excellency YAB Tun Dato Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad during one of the recent Malaysian Business Council meetings. He (Dr. Mahathir) mentioned that most of the amaze council members will not be present on the morning of January 1, 2020 instead, the great bulk of work that must be carried out to ensure Malaysia as a fully developed nation will agnizemingly have to be done by the present generations youth. However, the current leaders should not neglect their role in guiding them (the youths) as well as lay the secure foundations that the youths will build upon 6.The ultimate aim of Vision 2020 is to make Malaysia a f ully developed country, hoping that Malaysians born today and in the years to come will be the last generation of citizens to live in a country that is called developing. What then you might ask is a fully developed country? Just as Dr. Mahathir put it, a developed country should not only be developed in the economic sense but also be fully developed along with all other dimensions namely politics, social, spiritual, psychology and floriculture 7. The aforementioned criteria carry a significant total of truth in them. In price of politics, if the govern government is corrupted and insensitive towards the community he or she serves, the country will not be able to progress. An unstable political system often results in chaos as it results in open demonstrations whereby in some cases, violent clashes in the midst of citizens and the nations defense personify may occur. Violent situations like this creates an role of fear and insecurity and often these are the major factors tha t influences the decision of foreign investors on whether to invest, continue invest or to pull out. As mentioned earliest on, human life is finite, hence the current governing body will need replacement someday and this replacement will ultimately be succeeded by the current generation the youths.From the above paragraphs, it is noted of the significant role the youths of today will have to bear in the future. What about the current youths? How are they contributing towards the nations growth? Youth bodies or communities such as B.R.A.T.S., Rakan Muda, YouthSays, and the like are led by youths and for youths. Its activities comprise of culture, social, sports, and etcetera. So how is it this a contributing factor towards the countrys development? Recalling what Dr. Mahathir mentioned earlier on, the development of the country should be developed along with other dimensions such as, social, spiritual, psychology and culture. Youth bodies such as the aforementioned labors social bonding activities via forums, sports, support groups, and so forth. Furthermore, Malaysian culture can be promoted too via its cultural activities in the form of dance, drama, music, and so on. As mentioned earlier on, these bodies are led by youths for youths and it is only through thriving leadership that will permit all these activities to be executed successfully. In other words, the present youths too contribute towards the developing of our nation.To sum it all, youths whether it is present or future gather a major role in contributing towards the success of Vision 2020 furthermore the development of the country. permit it be present or future, it is the youths that will eventually succeed their predecessors moreover lead the country towards its goals and vision. The capacitance of youths is powerful as displayed in their current activities and they are inevitably going to be the nations upcoming successful leaders. This is why youths are the key in succeeding the country s Vision 2020.EFFORT TO INCULCATE YOUTH LEADERSHIPS IN MALAYSIA YOUNG ENGINEERS AND PARTIES INVOLVEDEmpowering youths towards leaderships enables all of us to get involved in nation building excessively promoting national unity and social integration as well as becoming the role models in the society. Efforts has been startn to equip youths with the necessary skills and qualities to ensure them of a meliorate future and to meet the accelerated pace of economic development and the changes in the environment.The strategic thrusts for the development of youths will be as follows 8Empowering youths for the future through meliorate access to education and cultivationIncreasing participation of youths in youth organizationsInculcating the spirit of competitiveness among youths change the legal framework of youth development programsPromoting national unity and social integration.To encourage youths to participate active voicely in nation-building, their accessibility to education and training will be further enhanced while leadership and skills training, entrepreneurial development and healthy lifestyles program can be carried out more extensively. In addition, trust and discipline are positive elements which should be incorporated in the character building program. Measures shall be undertaken to augment the accessibility of the youths into life-long learning program through distance education and non-formal education as an effort to ensure balanced development. With the healthy mental and physical attributes, excellence results in nation growth could be achieved.According to the Ninth Malaysian Plan, National Youth Research Institute will be established to undertake explore in sixsome areas, namely socialization of youths, culture and religion, youth potentials and integrity, youth organizations, leadership and volunteerism, education as well as political awareness. Besides, national youth act Youth Societies and Youth phylogenesis 2007 has been introdu ced to ensure the youth programs are implemented in an integrated, coordinated and synergistic manner.In the aspect of leadership training, effort has been put to build a new breed of young leaders as native movers of development. In this regard, the curriculum of leadership training program could be strengthened to make it more proactive and relevant to future needs. It is estimated that about 100,000 youths, including NGO leaders, will be trained under this program 8.The government will continue to develop and instil leadership qualities among youths by conducting courses and training on honourable values and positive attitudes. Special courses on values will also be conducted to mould youths as responsible citizens and role models in society. Greater awareness on the important role of youths in forging and promoting unity towards building a united Malaysian nation has been given priority in the leadership training programsA forest youth leader should equip themselves with soft skills in order to outperform as a nation builder. As Malaysia is a multi racial country, interaction and communication among each other should be further enhanced in order to bring our nation to leap on a big step of improvement with all of us working together on it. Hence, to check racial polarization among youths, more multi racial youth organizations could be established to allow for greater interaction among them. In addition, good moral values such as understanding, harmony, respect for the culture and tradition of other races, goodwill and trust will also be inculcated among the youths to enhance nation building efforts. The private sector will also be encouraged to contribute to youth training as part of their social responsibility. More active participation of youths at the international level could be promoted through intergovernmental and non-governmental institutions.In effort of nation building involving wide range of people, the implementation of Rakan Muda Programs has been strengthened to focus on specific target groups, particularly youths who are out of the education system and the unemployed youths as they are more vulnerable and easily influenced to be involved in negative and unhealthy activities. In this regard, Rakan Muda Program will focus on efforts to create role models among youths who are caring, skilled and dynamic. In addition, these programs will also focus on enhancing cooperation amongst agencies involved in the social agenda 8.A program named, Program Memperkasakan Tenaga Muda, will be implemented specially for youths who are not selected for PLKN. Activities and modules under the PLKN will be carried out to ensure those who are not selected for the PLKN training to be exposed to similar program which helps a look at in character building towards quality leaderships. To better prepare students for the PLKN, the Government will incorporate this program into the co-curricular and curriculum in secondary schools. The particip ants of the PLKN will be encouraged to join Rakan Muda Program to continuously nurture the spirit of volunteerism and solidarity amongst them 8.The various skills and leadership training program aimed at empowering youths has been undertaken by the Ministry of Youth and Sports, Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative Development and Ministry of Human Resources.Nevertheless, combating social problems among youths could help in nation building. The measures should be taken to avoid the youth from influences by negative and unhealthy activities, but on the other hand improving self inner qualities in order to contribute to the country as well as leading the nation towards progressive development. During the Ninth Malaysian Plan period, the Government has move to give dialect on preventive and rehabilitative program to combat social problems among youths. Closer cooperation between the topical anesthetic communities and government agencies in stemming crimes among youths will be esta blished. In addition, training program for youths in the tough crime group will be carried out to nurture them to become responsible citizens.Apart from producing a point of intersectionive and disciplined young generation, youth development program should continue to focus on skills training and entrepreneurial development to encourage self-employment among youths. They will be trained to be resilient and to withstand challenges in a competitive environment through on-the-job training and exposure to real work situations. This is to prepare ourselves towards real time challenge as we ultimately will come to work environment and contributes in different aspect or in different fields. Youth leadership program had given fierceness on the role of youths in society and fostering national unity with a sense of uncouth and shared destiny.ROLE OF YOUNG ENGINEERS AND SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLES superstar may see an engineer as a person with a university education in engineering who may take an idea and turn it into a useful thing for other people to use. An engineer may make a better lift trap, or tell people how best to build a bridge or a skyscraper. whatsoever things to they wish to do, an engineer is to make sure people are safe and the next is to improve life. They can become very good engineers who can handle tools and machineries. Die-hards and loyal engineers to these perceptions have been losing out in terms of managerial positions, wealth and leadership to those who are enterprising and see business as well as quality management as prime factors to improve life, build better bridges and skyscrapers.In this sporting changing world, the expectations towards engineers have changed. Engineers have to leave their cocoon if they wish to be better engineers of today and see the reality of life which is getting more sophisticated and complex. They need skills to manage people, technology, money, physical facilities, time, money and other resources. In addition, they also need to communicate effectively with society and other non-engineering people from various professions. esteemed universities in the USA have been pushing for changes in their engineering programs. One might wonder why and whats behind the sudden push by universities to produce people-smart engineers?Successful engineers must learn to be a leader not mere follower neither only as a faithful employees in an organization. These skills and knowledge shall be acquired from the humanities and social sciences disciplines. An engineer must no longer a person who is shy away from things and challenges to be confronted as they can be better engineers, scientists and wealthy entrepreneur with their furnish adept and interpersonal skills as well as passion in solving problems for improvements.Engineering is a profession that covers a wide variety of disciplines. The tasks and studies of the various fields of engineering are vastly different, though each requires problem solving through the use of mathematical and scientific principles. Such fields admit civil, electrical, aerospace, computer, chemical, environmental and mechanical engineering. No matter what will be the speciality, it requires a time-consuming, intense course of national and efforts beginning as far back as high school in order to become a well equipped engineer.Throughout the years, our government has increases its access to education and training especially on engineering field. We generate young professionals to enhance income generation capabilities, as well as life quality improvement of Malaysians. Nevertheless, the education and training system on engineering field has yet to be restructured, especially with greater private sector involvement in order to cater for the demand and needs of our local industries in their specified fields.Aspiring engineers should focus on developing different types of skills such as circumstance oriented, keen analytical skill, good communicator, able to wo rk on a team, able to build and improve the way things work, or creative thinker. It is not easy to become a successful engineer in this world without any long journey of hard work. In Malaysia, there are a make out of successful engineer born in this country. swain Professor Dr. Law Chung Lim is a lecture from The University of Nottingham. Associate Professor Dr. Law Chung Lim of the School of chemical substance and Environmental Engineering at the Malaysia Campus was conferred the Young Engineer divide by the Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM). This award comes in recognition of Chung Lims involvement in various academic and research undertakings, as well as his societal and voluntary commitments and contributions 9.Chung Lim has served the Institution of Engineers (IEM) since Jan 2004 and is actively involved in its activities. He has organised technical talks and technical visits for the Chemical Engineering Technical Division and has reported six events in the bulletin J urutera over the years. Further to this, Chung Lim was a member in the sub-committee of Career and Guidance of gateway Practical Training Committee and IEM Computer Lab Project Committee in 2005. In addition, he served the 1st and 2nd Malaysian ChemECar Competition organising committee as a secretary, MC cum forecast in 2004 and 2005. Besides, he also served as secretary cum treasurer and chemical risk and health assessor for the regional ChemECar competition which was held in KL in conjunction with the Asia Pacific Confederation on Chemical Engineering Conference, APPChE. Chung Lim also contributes to the reviewing of manuscripts submitted to the Jurnal IEM 9.Over the years, Chung Lim has worked extensively on various research areas which has give a lot of important outcome in many aspects, ranging from research publication, equipment design, product development and many other researches. He innovatively modified a conventional fluidized bed dryer and proposed two modified fluid ised bed dryers, viz. bemused fluidised bed dryer and two-stage cross flow fluidised bed dryer. The inventions won him a bronze and a luxurious medal in 2003 and 2005 respectively. Chung Lim obtained two e-Science research grants from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) and involved in three MOSTI grants which amount to over RM1.25 million. He has published more than seventy five accounts including journal articles, hand entertain chapters, book chapters and review articles and conference papers. He has produced five equipment designs, fabricated and commissioned three prototypes of unit operation, conducting three product development projects, supervising seven postgraduates, received two award of excellence from the institution, and two awards of best paper 9.As a researcher who is actively involved in drying and dehydration, Chung Lim receives requests to review manuscripts submitted to various journals, namely Drying technology, Canadian Journal of Chem ical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Science, Jurnal of IEM, Pertanika and Jurnal Teknologi. Over the years, he has reviewed more than fifty five manuscripts and technical papers. Chung Lim received a certificate, medal and a prize award of RM500.00. Speaking after receiving the award, Chung Lim said, I shall continue to strive hard to remain worthy of this award. I shall uphold professionalism, make more contribution to promote engineering as a profession and conduct more impactful researches to the enrichment of knowledge 9.CONCLUSIONNation building is a collective effort of all citizens. As an old saying goes the youth are not only the leaders of tomorrow but also the partners of today. The Youth, as the energetic ambitious and highly resourceful people, have the responsibility, passion and power of being at the fore-front in developing the nation in a democratic and constructive way.Undoubtedly, Youth leadership is a significant element to ensure the concept of One Malaysia w ould not deviate from what had been agreed to by our forefathers. Also, Youth play a very important role to demonstrate their potential, motivation and passions of making a different in our community. The young generation, as tomorrows leaders have to think together as one. The opportunity of improving our leadership skills is being given to us by taking part in civic and community activities. Youth leadership programmes will give emphasis on the role of youths in society and fostering national unity with a sense of car park and shared destiny to develop the mutual trust and respect among different races in Malaysia at the young age and promote the well-being of the country. Moreover, Youth organisations are important and contribute to Malaysian nation-building and development because youth organisations have served as a training ground for many national leaders in Malaysian history. As empowerment emphasizes development of collective rather than individual goals, it will hencefort h lead to power building and setting the agenda for changes for Malaysia.In an effort to attain developed nation status by the year 2020, the Malaysian government has made strategic thrusts for the development of youths by improving the access to education and training, inculcating the spirit of competitiveness among youths, strengthening the legal framework of youth development programs increasing participation of youths in youth organizations, and promoting national unity and social integration.Most importantly, the essay would not bring any benefits if we did not know the roles of young engineers in building this nation. With the profession of many disciplines, engineers should not only develop their personal technical skill but also be creative thinker, good communicator and think positively to reach to group success.In fact, youth leaders, as the powerful pressure groups and guardians of transparency, will enable themselves to query government policies and performance for cor rective action to be taken for the development of a Malaysian Malaysia. According to Abdul Rahman Embong, Malaysians (especially with the growth of a middle class) would like to have greater democracy and a stronger civil society. This is essential for youth organisations and their leaders to champion these new challenges to check and balance in all major issues, government policies and implementation, because youth comprises a significant proportion of the Malaysian population.