Diapause - Definition of the Term Diapause

Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insects life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability. Diapause may occur in any life cycle stage—embryonic, larval, pupal, or adult—depending on the insect species. Insects inhabit every continent on Earth, from the frozen Antarctic to the balmy tropics. They live on mountaintops, in deserts, and even in the oceans. They survive frigid winters and summer droughts. Many insects survive such extreme environmental conditions through diapause. When things get tough, they take a break. Diapause is a predetermined period of dormancy, meaning it is genetically programmed and involves adaptive physiological changes. Environmental cues arent the cause of diapause, but they may control when diapause begins and ends. Quiescence, in contrast, is a period of slowed development that is triggered directly by environmental conditions, and that ends when favorable conditions return. Types of Diapause Diapause can be either obligatory or facultative: Insects with obligatory diapause will undergo this period of arrested development at the predetermined point in their life cycle, regardless of the environmental conditions. Diapause occurs in every generation. Obligatory diapause is most often associated with univoltine insects, meaning insects that have one generation per year.Insects with facultative diapause undergo a period of suspended development only when conditions require it for survival. Facultative diapause is found in most insects and is associated with bivoltine (two generations per year) or multivoltine insects (more than two generations per year). Additionally, some insects undergo reproductive diapause, which is a suspension of reproductive functions in adult insects. The best example of reproductive diapause is the monarch butterfly in North America. The migrant generation of late summer and fall goes into a state of reproductive diapause in preparation for the long journey to Mexico. Environmental Factors Diapause in insects is induced or terminated in response to environmental cues. These cues may include changes in the length of daylight, temperature, food quality and availability, moisture, pH, and other factors.  No single cue solely determines the start or end of diapause. Their combined influence, along with programmed genetic factors, controls diapause. Photoperiod: A photoperiod is the alternating phases of light and dark in the day. Seasonal changes to the photoperiod (such as shorter days as winter approaches) cue the start or end of diapause for many insects. Photoperiod is the most important.Temperature: Along with photoperiod, changes in temperature (such as an extreme cold spell) can influence the start or end of diapause. The thermoperiod, alternating phases of cooler and warmer temperatures, also influences diapause. Some insects require specific thermal cues to end the diapause phase. For example, the woolly bear caterpillar must endure a period of chilling to trigger the end of diapause and continuation of the life cycle.Food: As the growing season ends, the diminishing quality of their food sources may help trigger a diapause phase in an insect species. As potato plants and other hosts turn brown and dry, for example, Colorado potato beetle adults enter a state of diapause.   Sources Capinera, John L., (ed.) Encyclopedia of Entomology. 2nd edition, Springer, 2008, New York.Gilbert, Scott F. Developmental Biology. 10th edition, Sinauer Associates, 2013, Oxford, UK.Gullan, P.J., and Cranston, P.S. The Insects: An Outline of Entomology. Wiley, 2004, Hoboken, N.J.Johnson, Norman F., and Triplehorn, Charles A. Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects. 7th edition, Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2005, Belmont, Calif.Khanna, D.R. Biology of Arthropoda. Discovery Publishing, 2004, New Delhi.

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10 Famous Fictional Dinosaurs

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Galileo Galilei The Father Of Modern Science - 751 Words

Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist who was also an astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, and an inventor. His history was very interesting to learn about as him growing up. For his famous work, he has been known as the â€Å"father of modern science† because of all of his achievements that he has accomplished. During his years, he has discovered many things like facts about the solar system and also invented items that we use today. Ultimately, Galileo Galilei was a successful individual who inspired many people to become just like him. As the scientist of the month, we should have knowledge about him like his birth and death, where did he go school, facts about his family, and his contributions to the science world and to the society.†¦show more content†¦Galileo Galilei also had children of of his own. Galilei met Marina Gamba at some of his trips when he went to Venice. They never got married probably because of financial issues and since Galileo thought th at his kids were going to interfere with his status. He had two daughters named, Virginia and Livia, and also one son named Vincenzo. Virginia and Livia were put into a convent where they became Sister Maria Celeste and Sister Arcangela. While Vincenzo became a fantastic musician, following from the other legacies of Galileo’s family. Furthermore to Galileo Galilei’s contributions, he had many achievements that made his name stand out. In 1609 when he first learned about the existence of spyglass, it caught his attention and made him want to make one of his own. After inventing his own telescope, he located mountains on the moon, the spots on the suns, the rings of Saturn, the phases of Venus, the lunar surfaces, and especially the four moons of Jupiter. At that time, people didn’t believe Galileo because it was hard to prove to them that he really discovered the moons. He then supported his research with evidence and soon scientists named the four moons in honor of him. Galileo never knew that there was another world up above called space. In spite of his contributions to science, astronomy and biology improved more because of his accomplishments. As to the society, Galileo published his own book about his fulfillments andShow MoreRelatedGalileo And The Scientific Revolution1549 Words   |  7 Pag es Quick Facts Name Galileo Occupation Astronomer, Scientist Birth Date February 15, 1564 Death Date January 8, 1642 Did You Know? Galileo supported the Copernican theory, which supports a sun-centered solar system. Did You Know? Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the church for his beliefs. He remained under house arrest the remaining years of his life. Did You Know? Galileo devised his own telescope, in which he observed the moon and found Venus had phases like the moon, proving it rotatedRead MoreGalileo1113 Words   |  5 PagesGalileo Galilei Galileo Galilei was considered the central figure of the scientific revolution of the 17th century. His role in the history of science was a critical one. He revolutionized the way in which science was conducted, and performed experiments to test his ideas, which led him to be regarded as the father of experimental science. Galileo was born on February 15th, 1564 in Pisa, and was the oldest of seven children. His father, Vincenzo Galilei was a famous composer, lutenist, and musicRead MoreEssay On Galileo Galilei1495 Words   |  6 PagesGalileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1556 in Pisa Italy, Tuscany in 1564, the son of Florentine musician Vincenzio Galilei. Actually, Vincenzio was a revolutionary musician—he felt the formal church music that then dominated the scene had become sterile, and that classic Greek poetry and myths had a power the church music lacked, that perhaps could be translated into modern music. He attempted some of this, and his work began the developm ent that culminated in Italian opera. His mother GiuliaRead MoreThe Most Significant Of The Scientific Theories Have Made Considerable Progression1372 Words   |  6 Pagesto emanate from within. If not for these luminous ideologies, the world would be quite different than how we see it today. Downstream through the flow of time came Galileo Galilei in the sixteenth century, the brilliant Italian who changed the view of astronomy and mathematics. Finally, there is Isaac Newton, the Father of Modern Science. Born in 1642 C.E., he changed the whole world with his striking math, laws of physics, and astronomical theories. These people, generations, and nations all completelyRead MorePhysics 11373 Words   |  6 PagesGalileo Galilei Introduction It is no question that Galileo was an influential scientist in his time and still is today (picture located on page 6 from google.com). Though his most notable discoveries were in the field of astronomy, we cannot label him simply as an astronomer. He authored many important works including, Sidereal Messenger (also known as Starry Messenger), but unfortunately, due to the power of the Catholic church in his native Italy, his work in astronomy was widely rejected byRead MoreThe Importance Of Looking At The Sky1336 Words   |  6 Pagesplayed a huge role in astronomy and science was Galileo Galilei. Galileo had paved the way for many modern day scientists and innovations. This man had devoted his entire life to his findings and to better educate the public. In the poem â€Å"The Old Astronomer to His Pupil,† it was said by Sarah Williams, â€Å"I have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night,† and this perfectly explains the relationship Galileo had with a stronomy. With all the struggles that Galileo went through he could have stoppedRead MoreGalileo Galilei And The Modern Experimental Method1445 Words   |  6 PagesGalileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564. â€Å"His father, Vincenzio Galilei, was a musician whose originality and polemic talents fomented a revolution uniting practice and theory in music much as Galileo was to unite them in science.†I Galileo is credited with establishing the modern experimental method in a time when most progress made by scientists and thinkers was based on hypotheses alone. He began the practice of testing scientific theories by preforming experiments and observingRead MoreResearh of Galileo Galilei Essay573 Words   |  3 PagesResearh of Galileo Galilei The Italian physicist was born is Pisa on 15 February 1564 (see appendix B). He was the first of seven children. Galileo was educated by a tutor and his father, a nobleman and well known for musical studies. At the age of 11 he was sent to a local monastery where he, like other children of noble people studied Greek, Latin, religion and music. Following his fathers wish, he continued his education, at the age of 17 he enrolled as a student of medicine at the UniversityRead MoreWhat Is Science and Where Did It Come From?928 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is science and where did it come from? The study of science came before the scientific revolution got to begin. The scientific revolution began in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The revolution was accomplished by developing the medieval roots of science of the classical age of Greece and Rome. Throughout the scientific revolution, the medieval scientific philosophy was abandoned in favor and improved methods proposed by different men. Finally, we are introduced to scientists of mathematiciansRead MoreEssay about Galileo Galilei2120 Words   |  9 PagesGalileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564 and was named after his ancestor Galileo Bonaiuti who was a physician, professor, and politician. His parents were Giulia Ammannati and Vincenzo Galilei, a famous lutenist, composer, and music theorist. He was the first born of six children of which three of his five siblings survived infancy. He started his education at the young age of 8 at the Camaldolese Monastery at Vallombrosa, which brought a close connection to the Christian religion

How Skilled Immigrant Entrepreneurs Are Beneficial

In recent years, debates regarding policy have focused heavily on the topic of immigration in the United States. Despite all of the attention that this topic has gained, it seems that skilled immigrants is one group that has been overlooked. In large part, this particular group is becoming more prominent due to the fact that many are becoming entrepreneurs, especially in the Silicon Valley. Thus, I am interested in finding out how skilled immigrant entrepreneurs are beneficial in numerous aspects such as economic growth, innovation, public policy and societal changes. Moreover, I want to explore what challenges and opportunities these immigrants face and how their involvement within Silicon Valley provide a beneficial influence for growth. One primary source of my research will be the documentary film Starting-Up in America by Tarik Ansari. A very interesting fact quoted in the documentary stated by Vivek Wadhwa, colleague of the Stanford Law School, â€Å"Despite the fact that the y constitute only 12% of the U.S. population, immigrants have started 52% of Silicon Valley’s technology companies and contributed to more than 25% of our global patents†. Starting-Up in America focuses on the challenges experienced by Silicon Valley’s skilled immigrant entrepreneurs with U.S. Immigration. The documentary interviews a handful of successful immigrant entrepreneurs asking questions such as: â€Å"Why come to the United States to start a business†, â€Å"How does your project benefit the U.S.Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Immigration Policies On Communities And The Future Of West Michigan1567 Words   |  7 Pagessmall town in Texas in 2008. It perpetually amazed me as to how so many people had so many different â€Å"percents† and a few even impressed me more so by knowing them to decimal place. Many shared their heritage with a swelling pride, and I soon came to learn that this source of pride actually came from West Michiganâ€⠄¢s history built upon immigrants which can be traced back all the way to the 18th century. From the huge mass of Dutch immigrants that brought us tulips to the Germans that brought us oneRead MoreDo International Migration And Remittances Reduce Poverty? Developing Countries?1137 Words   |  5 Pagesfocus on how individual preferences concerning immigration policies are influenced by an individual’s socioeconomic status. Less-skilled workers fear an influx of â€Å"job-stealing† low-skilled immigrants, and therefore are more likely to favor restrictionist policies that limit immigration. While these fears are believed and often influence policy, they do not hold up to economic theory and should be disregarded. 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The current visa process should be reformed to create even more jobs and economic growth. According to a report published by the National Foundation for American Policy, immigrants have founded more than half of America’s billion-dollar startupRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1245 Words   |  5 Pagesas a percentage of the United States population has been far higher in previous years compared to where it is now. Even as far back as 1870, the foreign-born population of the US was 5,567,229 while the US population was 38,558,371, meaning that immigrants were making up approximately 14.4% of the US population. Calculating the immigration percentage in the same way, it was 13.3% in 1880, 14.7% in 1890, 13.6% in 1900, 14.6% in 1910, and 13.1% in 1920, the last year before the first immigration quotaRead MoreHow Immigration Helps United States1600 Words   |  7 Pages I’m an immigrant, I moved to this country three years ago, as many legal and illegal immigrants I believe that we help the economy of this country. There are many immigrants in America and they come from all over the world. By no means I want to assume that they have all had my experiences. In my case I’m here on the pursuit of new opportunities, in my mind, or in the way I was raised by my parents, and how am I supposed to achieve my goals is exactly the way they work every day to support ourRead MoreThe Legal And Illegal Immigrants1726 Words   |  7 Pages’m an immigrant, I moved to this country three years ago, but since I was born here I’m considered a legal immigrant, as many legal and illegal immigrants I believe that we help the economy of this country. There are many immigrants in this country, they all come from all over the world. By no means I want to assume that they have all had my experiences. In my case I’m here on the pursuit of ne w opportunities, in my mind, or in the way I was raised by my parents, and how am I supposed to achieveRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The Agriculture1723 Words   |  7 PagesAgriculture Labor Force The topic chosen is the impact of immigration on the agriculture in the United states. Within this topic, there are many aspects to be considered. How much of the labor force of the agricultural industry has included immigrants? How do the positive and negative aspects weigh out? Many people have an opinion on immigrants, but there are some that lack the basic knowledge of the positive effects of immigration. This specific topic was chosen due to its recent spotlight and the factRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States2036 Words   |  9 PagesFrom the moment of its inception, the United States has always been a nation of immigrants. Throughout American history, the numerous immigration waves have undeniably defined the infrastructure of America. By bringing a different set of views and innovative ideas, immigrants injected the economy and advanced technology through innovative work. However, the United States has not kept up its immigration policies with the changing times for the past three decades. 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Dead Poet Society Analysis Essay Example For Students

Dead Poet Society Analysis Essay Todd was insecure about himself and his skills in public speaking. Todd didnt want to Join Neil and the other boys in their quest to start the Dead Poets Society because he didnt want to read poetry in front of all the boys. Within the first thirty minutes of the film, we learn that Todd had an older brother that was valedictorian at Walton, he was also a National Merit Scholar. This obviously put the pressure on Todd to match his brothers expectations. The fear of failure and disappointment can cause many students to either work harder or in Toddys case, cause you to be timid and have self- doubt. Todd believed he was unable to match the sociability and openness of his allow classmates and his self-esteem sunk even lower. Mr.. Keating continuously focused on the idea of carper diem, meaning to seize the day. Seize the day is a phrase defined as making the best or the most out of the present moment. In other words, to live in the now. Through this idea, Mr.. Keating was able to influence his students to do exactly that. Mr.. Keating assigned the boys to write a poem and Todd worked with great determination to create said poem. Unable to face his fears, he decides to lie and say he didnt write it. This shows the intensity of his self-doubt and bashfulness. Hed rather get a zero than get up to the class and share his work. Mr.. Keating forces him to shout noises in front of the class, as if it were to help him release his inhibitions. And after that Todd successfully delivers an improvised poem, proving his intelligence and poetic talent to everyone. Todd truly overcomes his fear in the climax of the movie. It was through the suicide of his beloved friend, Neil, that he was able to pursue his own individuality and truly apply carper diem to his life. Todd eradicates any and all of the fear left in him when he gave his farewell to Mr.. Keating. By standing on top of the desk, and eying O Captain! My Captain! Todd annihilated the shackles of conformity put on him by Walton. Soon all the boys followed suit except Cameron and a few others. This scene depicted Toddys true inner self, which is a natural born leader and an exceptional achiever. Although he seemed like a timid and self-conscious student, Todd Anderson proved to be a remarkable and outstanding person with natural intelligence and creativity. Throughout the film, we see his progress and how he was truly able to overcome his fears of failure and disappointment.

Evolution of Accounting Software in Australia

Question: Describe about the Evolution of Accounting Software in Australia. Answer: History Accounting is an important business activity in any business house and this activity was holding lot of important information about the organization (Deshmukh, 2006). The programmers concentrated to develop lot of applications that can serve the accounting field. In the initial stage the in house programmers present in an organization developed the solutions to solve the problems faced in the organization. So the first accounting program was programmed for the mainframe computers which was initiated by IBM and played a vital role in developing the software and ruled the world. The mainframes were in use from 1960 to 1975 and these systems provided high security and were very much reliable but they were large in size, which used the centralized processing intelligence (A System of Health Accounts, 2011). There was a new invention of the minicomputers which were basically smaller than the mainframe computers and were also less powerful when compared the mainframes. The use of minicomputers lasted from 1975 to 1985. The data was stored as the flat files and was managed by the indexed file organization structures same like the mainframe computers. In general the Assembler, FORTRAN, COBOL and RPG languages was used by both the mainframe and minicomputers. It was improvised to the database as a hierarchical type. These computers provided the high capacity for processing the transactions and it supported large number of users. Then next, from 1980 to 1990, the microcomputers were in use. It showed a greater advancement as it provided the Local Area Networking to share files, for indexing the files, but it contained certain limitations like, it offered a limited capacity for processing the transactions and supported limited users. Then the world of accounting saw important changes from 1988 to 1995 with the client server architecture that used the LAN and WAN (Wide Area Network). These computers were a mixture of mainframe computers, minicomputers and the Personal computers. The databases were able to centralize as well as decentralize and it supported many users. The transaction processing capacity was really high. From 1995 the world completely saw a new era of internet, which contained the relational databases, object-oriented database, multidimensional databases and Object-oriented databases. It offered the users the flexible capacity for processing the transactions and was used by a huge number of users world-wide. As stated in (Deshmukh, 2006), it is determined that though the world has stepped in to an evolutionary phase, there are few governments and the businesses that still continue the old hardware and software. But to a maximum extent the new generation software languages are used. And as per (Shoeboxed.com.au, 2016), it is stated that the Australian businesses, among which approximately 80% still run based on excel spreadsheets and invoices which are generally written manually or by using the MS Word. In general it is determined by (BIT, 2016), that before the year 2000, most of the small businesses in Australia were happy using the manual accounting work but since the advent of GST, a huge number of business shifted to the accounting software. This was supported by the Commonwealth Government. It is not wrong to continue the business with book keeping process and according to the survey of (BIT, 2016), almost 13 percent of the organizations continued book keeping for their business and found it to be reliable for their business. The Current Market Size In 2011, the Deloitte Access Economics has estimated in (The Outsourced Accountant, 2015), that the market size will increase to a greater extent. And thus, according to (The Outsourced Accountant, 2015), the Australian economy is seeing a digital growth in an accelerated speed and has been contributed in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in the year 2015 and thus the market is increasing in its size rapidly. The outsourced accountants are helpful for the Australian accounting organizations to know and apply the solutions provided by the outsourced accountants to become a proactive participant and attract clients. The outsourced accountants help Australia to save time and money and carrier out the work which consumes more time. (The Outsourced Accountant, 2015). Therefore, according to (Ibisworld.com.au, 2016), in the last five years, there is steady growth in Australian market size. The Leaders in the Market In Australia, there exist three big competitors for the accounting software market called as MYOB, Intuit and Xero. According to (Businessinsider.com.au, 2016), MYOB is the strongest competitor. These accounting software helps in inviting the accounting professionals for viewing the customer's accounts and helps them in taking appropriate decisions by giving their time for their customers (Xero Accounting Software, 2016). The software provides a real time view of the cash flow of the customer, provides a collaboration which helps in accessing and controlling the members level for access. It offers a security of the customer's data. It helps in decreasing the data entry manually. Moreover, in order to ease the customers it provides completely free and automatic updates for its customers (Xero Accounting Software, 2016). The MYOB has increased its market from $AU831.7 to $AU833.8 million (Businessinsider.com.au, 2016). The software packages are tailor fitted and customised as per the r equirement of the business (Yau and K. Auyeung, 1995). What gives them the Competitive Advantage? According to (Businessinsider.com.au, 2016), the competitors for the accounting software market are competing to take over the market and their plus point is that any business today, whether a big one or a small one requires to handle and manage the accounting department of their firms and thus these firms help our competing accounting software companies to gain their objective in an easy way (Duska, Duska and Ragatz, 2011). The companies in Australia are evacuating the space of the book keepers and allowing the accounting software to do the same accounting process effectively. The processes such as the invoicing, cash flow decision management are all carried out on the desktops and by using the mobile applications. Moreover, even the online accounting facilities are made available in Australia for the small businesses (Xero Accounting Software, 2016). Identify the Current Challenges Encountered By Users or Customers of Accounting Software or Packages Security is major issue faced by the accounting software or the packages in Australia. As per (QnE Accounting Software, 2013), the other problems are ineffective reporting, Inefficiency, poor accessing speed, Inaccuracy, they are not user-friendly, the Bank Reconciliation feature is absent, it lacks effective (CRM) Customer Relationship Management, inconvenient technical supports via phone, it lacks compatibility and most importantly the technical support service is not available 24/7 for the customers. Maintenance of accounting software's essential tools for using the software effectively requires updated equipment and thus it is a challenge for the small firms. (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). The simple form of mathematics were expanded by using the accounting methods which were quite complex in nature. But, there are accounting experts for whom this is just a matter of time to solve the problem by using simple and easy methods. On the other hand the accounting software helps to solve the problem in no time with the simplest method, the very fact is that the cost acts as a gap for the small organizations to adopt to the accounting software (Ibisworld.com.au, 2016). Recommendations The small business houses in Australia are recommended to choose the appropriate and suitable online accounting software that completely fits their business requirements. The other important aspect for which the accounting packages are suggested is that they offer various features which helps the firm. Moreover, make selection based on the budget of the firm. It is suggested that any queries related to the accounting software must be directly talked and sorted out to avoid future management problems. References A System of Health Accounts. (2011). Paris: OECD Publishing. BIT. (2016).7 accounting packages for Australian small businesses compared: including MYOB, QuickBooks Online, Reckon, Xero. [online] Available at: https://www.bit.com.au/Review/344651,7-accounting-packages-for-australian-small-businesses-compared-including-myob-quickbooks-online-reckon-xero.aspx [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Businessinsider.com.au. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/charts-the-battle-for-supremacy-in-australias-cloud-accounting-market-2015-4 [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Duska, R., Duska, B. and Ragatz, J. (2011).Accounting ethics. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Ibisworld.com.au. (2016).Software Publishing in Australia Market Research | IBISWorld. [online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=5275 [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. QnE Accounting Software. (2013).Problems faced by companies that are using accounting software for their businesses. [online] Available at: https://qneaccountingsoftware.wordpress.com/2013/09/13/problems-faced-by-companies-that-are-using-accounting-software-for-their-businesses [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Shoeboxed.com.au. (2016).The evolution of accounting bookkeeping. [online] Available at: https://www.shoeboxed.com.au/blog/the-evolution-of-accounting-bookkeeping/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Smallbusiness.chron.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-using-accounting-software-3823.html [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. The Outsourced Accountant. (2015).Australian Accounting Trends in 2015 Financial Year. [online] Available at: https://theoutsourcedaccountant.com/australian-accounting-trends-in-2015-financial-year/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Xero Accounting Software. (2016).Online Accounting | Xero. [online] Available at: https://www.xero.com/au/accounting-software/online-accounting/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016].